RFamide-related Peptide-3 and the Trade-off between Reproductive and Ingestive Behavior.
RFamide-related Peptide-3 and the Trade-off between Reproductive and Ingestive Behavior.
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RFamide 相关肽 3 以及生殖行为和摄食行为之间的权衡。
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icx097
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kriegsfeld,LanceJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schneider,JillE;Benton,NoahA;Russo,KimA;Klingerman,CandiceM;Williams3rd,WilburP;Simberlund,Jessica;Abdulhay,Amir;Brozek,JeremyM;Kriegsfeld,LanceJ
食欲和性行为对个体的生存和繁殖成功很重要，但当环境能源供应有限时，许多不同物种的个体做出了权衡，为了进食行为而放弃了性行为。例如，缺乏食物的雌性叙利亚仓鼠(Mesocrictus Auratus)放弃了阴道气味标记和前凸(性行为)，而倾向于觅食、囤积和进食(进食行为)。生殖过程往往是耗费能量的，而个体的生存需要代谢能量的动态平衡。因此，在能量挑战期间，通过减少在生殖过程中消耗的能量，生存的机会会增加。整个下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)系统受到严重的能量挑战的抑制，但相对较少的人知道轻微的能量挑战的影响。我们假设(1)即使在食物限制水平不足以抑制HPG系统的情况下，也会在性行为和进食行为之间进行权衡；(2)轻微的能量挑战迫使食欲进食和性行为之间的权衡，但不是相同行为的完美版本；以及(3)这种权衡是由卵巢类固醇调节RFamide相关多肽3(RFRP-3)来协调的。在其他物种中，RFRP-3，一种鸟类促性腺激素抑制激素的同源基因，参与控制对能量挑战和应激刺激的行为。支持我们的三个假设的是，限食和再喂食对下丘脑背内侧RFRP-3免疫反应细胞的激活和食欲行为(食物囤积和性动机)存在“剂量-反应”效应，但对消费行为(食物摄入量和前凸)没有影响，对血液中雌二醇或孕酮的循环水平没有显著影响。限制食物对RFRP-3细胞激活的影响是在性腺完整的雌性和卵巢切除的雌性中在发情时被调节的，这些雌性仅用黄体酮或用雌二醇加黄体酮治疗。脑内注射RFRP-3后，金黄地鼠的性动机显著降低，食物囤积显著增加，但增加幅度很小。这些和其他结果与卵巢类固醇和RFRP-3是在能量供应波动的环境中协调食欲行为的系统的一部分的想法是一致的。
Ingestive and sex behaviors are important for individual survival and reproductive success, but when environmental energy availability is limited, individuals of many different species make a trade-off, forfeiting sex for ingestive behavior. For example, food-deprived female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) forego vaginal scent marking and lordosis (sex behaviors) in favor of foraging, hoarding, and eating food (ingestive behavior). Reproductive processes tend to be energetically costly, and individual survival requires homeostasis in metabolic energy. Thus, during energetic challenges, the chances of survival are enhanced by decreasing the energy expended on reproductive processes. The entire hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) system is inhibited by severe energetic challenges, but comparatively little is known about the effects of mild energetic challenges. We hypothesized that (1) a trade-off is made between sex and ingestive behavior even when the level of food restriction is insufficient to inhibit the HPG system; (2) mild energetic challenges force a trade-off between appetitive ingestive and sex behaviors, but not consummatory versions of the same behaviors; and (3) the trade-off is orchestrated by ovarian steroid modulation of RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3). In other species, RFRP-3, an ortholog of avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, is implicated in control of behavior in response to energetic challenges and stressful stimuli. In support of our three hypotheses, there is a “dose-response” effect of food restriction and re-feeding on the activation of RFRP-3-immunoreactive cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and on appetitive behaviors (food hoarding and sexual motivation), but not on consummatory behaviors (food intake and lordosis), with no significant effect on circulating levels of estradiol or progesterone. The effect of food restriction on the activation of RFRP-3 cells is modulated at the time of estrus in gonadally-intact females and in ovariectomized females treated with progesterone alone or with estradiol plus progesterone. Intracerebral treatment with RFRP-3 results in significant decreases in sexual motivation and results in significant but small increases in food hoarding in hamsters fedad libitum. These and other results are consistent with the idea that ovarian steroids and RFRP-3 are part of a system that orchestrates trade-offs in appetitive behaviors in environments where energy availability fluctuates.