CNS-derived glia ensheath peripheral nerves and mediate motor root development
CNS-derived glia ensheath peripheral nerves and mediate motor root development
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DOI：
10.1038/nn2025
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Appel, Bruce
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kucenas, Sarah;Takada, Norio;Appel, Bruce
运动功能要求运动轴突有规律地从脊髓伸出，并由雪旺细胞形成髓鞘。很少有人注意到另一种细胞结构，即神经周围膜，它包裹着运动神经，形成一个灵活的保护性屏障。因此，神经周围细胞的起源及其在运动神经形成中的作用尚不清楚。利用斑马鱼的延时成像，我们发现神经周围细胞在中枢神经系统中诞生，在迁移到周围之前作为腹侧脊髓胶质细胞产生。在缺乏神经周围胶质细胞的胚胎中，运动神经元不适当地向脊髓外迁移，轴突突起异常，表明神经周围胶质细胞在运动轴突出口点起屏障和引导作用。此外，神经周围胶质细胞和雪旺细胞之间的相互信号传导对于两种细胞类型的运动神经鞘形成是必要的。这些发现揭示了一类新的中枢神经系统生成的胶质细胞，它们对运动神经的发育起着至关重要的作用。
Motor function requires that motor axons extend from the spinal cord at regular intervals and that they are myelinated by Schwann cells. Little attention has been given to another cellular structure, the perineurium, which ensheaths the motor nerve, forming a flexible, protective barrier. Consequently, the origin of perineurial cells and their roles in motor nerve formation are poorly understood. Using time-lapse imaging in zebrafish, we show that perineurial cells are born in the CNS, arising as ventral spinal-cord glia before migrating into the periphery. In embryos lacking perineurial glia, motor neurons inappropriately migrated outside of the spinal cord and had aberrant axonal projections, indicating that perineurial glia carry out barrier and guidance functions at motor axon exit points. Additionally, reciprocal signaling between perineurial glia and Schwann cells was necessary for motor nerve ensheathment by both cell types. These insights reveal a new class of CNS-born glia that critically contributes to motor nerve development.