The future of unpaid work: Estimating the effects of automation on time spent on housework and care work in Japan and the UK
The future of unpaid work: Estimating the effects of automation on time spent on housework and care work in Japan and the UK
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无酬工作的未来：评估自动化对日本和英国家务和护理工作时间的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122443
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
Hertog E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertog E
无报酬的家务劳动对人类生殖至关重要，并使所有其他形式的工作得以开展。在这篇文章中，我们首先估计了“智能”和“人工智能”技术对无薪工作的影响。我们要问的是，各种类型的无偿工作自动化的可能性有多大，这将如何改变花在家务劳动和性别分工上的时间。我们调整了三个有偿工作职业的自动化可能性估计，以估计19个家庭工作任务的自动化可能性。将这些估计应用于日本和英国的国家时间使用数据，我们发现，通过自动化可以节省50- 60%的无薪工作总时间。储蓄分布不均匀：20-59岁的日本女性可以节省高达3.5小时，同一年龄的英国女性平均工作日可以节省高达3小时。一个英国人可以节省1.5小时，而一个日本人平均工作日只能节省1小时。家庭自动化可以使日本9.3%的女性和英国5.8%的女性获得全职或兼职工作，这意味着巨大的潜在经济和社会收益。
Unpaid domestic work is vital for human reproduction and enables all other forms of work. In this article, we present first estimates of the impacts of “smart” and “AI” technologies on unpaid work. We ask what the likelihood is of various types of unpaid work being automated, and how this would change the time spent on domestic work and on the gendered division of labour. We adapt three automation likelihood estimates for paid work occupations to estimate the automation likelihood of 19 domestic work tasks. Applying these estimates to Japanese and UK national time use data, we find that 50–60 % of the total time spent on unpaid work could be saved through automation. The savings are unevenly distributed: a Japanese woman aged 20–59 could save up to 3.5 h, a UK woman of the same age could save up to 3 h on an average weekday. A man in the UK could save 1.5 h and a Japanese man only 1 h on an average weekday. Domestic automation could free up to 9.3 % of women in Japan and 5.8 % of women in the UK to take up full- or part-time employment, pointing to substantial potential economic and social gains.