Circular inferences in schizophrenia
Circular inferences in schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/awt257
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Deneve, Sophie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jardri, Renaud;Deneve, Sophie
最近相当多的实验和计算研究表明，兴奋性与抑制性平衡或调节的细微损伤与许多神经和精神疾病有关。目前的论文旨在联系，具体和定量，兴奋性和抑制性失衡与精神分裂症的精神病症状。考虑到大脑构建了外部世界的层次因果模型，我们表明，未能保持兴奋与抑制的平衡会导致幻觉以及妄想信念的形成和随后的巩固。事实上，层次神经网络中兴奋性与抑制性失衡的结果等同于一种被称为“循环信念传播”的因果推理的病理形式。在循环信念传播中，自下而上的感觉信息和自上而下的预测相互影响，即先前的信念被误解为感觉观察，反之亦然。因此，这些预测会被计算多次。循环推理解释了错误感知的出现，患者在面对概率选择时的过度自信，对不相关事件之间“不可动摇”的因果关系的学习以及对感知错觉的矛盾免疫，这些都与精神分裂症有关。
A considerable number of recent experimental and computational studies suggest that subtle impairments of excitatory to inhibitory balance or regulation are involved in many neurological and psychiatric conditions. The current paper aims to relate, specifically and quantitatively, excitatory to inhibitory imbalance with psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Considering that the brain constructs hierarchical causal models of the external world, we show that the failure to maintain the excitatory to inhibitory balance results in hallucinations as well as in the formation and subsequent consolidation of delusional beliefs. Indeed, the consequence of excitatory to inhibitory imbalance in a hierarchical neural network is equated to a pathological form of causal inference called 'circular belief propagation'. In circular belief propagation, bottom-up sensory information and top-down predictions are reverberated, i.e. prior beliefs are misinterpreted as sensory observations and vice versa. As a result, these predictions are counted multiple times. Circular inference explains the emergence of erroneous percepts, the patient's overconfidence when facing probabilistic choices, the learning of 'unshakable' causal relationships between unrelated events and a paradoxical immunity to perceptual illusions, which are all known to be associated with schizophrenia.