Twelve-Year Mapping and Change Analysis of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Areal Abundance in Massachusetts (USA) Identifies Statewide Declines
Twelve-Year Mapping and Change Analysis of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Areal Abundance in Massachusetts (USA) Identifies Statewide Declines
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马萨诸塞州（美国）鳗草（Zostera marina）面积丰度的十二年测绘和变化分析表明全州范围内的丰度下降
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
W. Kenworthy
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作者：
C. Costello;W. Kenworthy
1994年、1995年和1996年，结合航空摄影、数字图像和地面实况验证，绘制了马萨诸塞州89个沿海海湾中的46个以及七个开放水域近岸区域的部分海草地图。在开放水域，发现了 9,477.31 公顷的海草，略多于 46 个沿海海湾的 4,846.2 公顷的两倍。 46 个海湾的一部分（包括该州的所有区域）于 2000 年、2001 年和 2002 年重新绘制地图，并于 2006 年和 2007 年再次绘制地图。我们检测到了广泛的变化，从波士顿港高达 29% y−1 的增加到塞勒姆港高达 -33% y−1 的下降。瓦阔伊特湾 (Waquoit Bay) 的一个海湾在测绘期间失去了所有海草。对于代表该州所有地理区域的 12 年变化分析，只有 3 个海湾的海草覆盖率有所增加，而最初 46 个海湾中的 30 个海湾显示出一些下降的迹象。在十年期间，各个海湾的下降率从-0.06% y−1 到高达-14.81% y−1 不等。按区域划分的中位下降率范围为-2.21% y−1 至-3.51% y−1，略低于最近报告的全球海草下降率（-3.7% y−1）。考虑到三个海湾的增长，最初检测到的 755.16 公顷（20.6%）海草面积在测绘间隔期间消失了。结果证实，先前报道的一些海湾的损失是马萨诸塞州更广泛的海草减少的症状。旨在改善马萨诸塞州海草保护和恢复环境质量的州和联邦计划应继续成为沿海管理者的优先事项。
In 1994, 1995, and 1996, seagrasses in 46 of the 89 coastal embayments and portions of seven open-water near-shore areas in Massachusetts were mapped with a combination of aerial photography, digital imagery, and ground truth verification. In the open-water areas, 9,477.31 ha of seagrass were identified, slightly more than twice the 4,846.2 ha detected in the 46 coastal embayments. A subset of the 46 embayments, including all regions of the state were remapped in 2000, 2001, and 2002 and again in 2006 and 2007. We detected a wide range of changes from increases as high as 29% y−1 in Boston Harbor to declines as large as −33% y−1 in Salem Harbor. One embayment, Waquoit Bay, lost all of its seagrass during the mapping period. For the 12-year change analysis representing all geographic regions of the state, only three embayments exhibited increases in seagrass coverage while 30 of the original 46 embayments showed some indication of decline. For the decadal period, rates of decline in the individual embayments ranged from −0.06% y−1 to as high as −14.81% y−1. The median rate of decline by region ranged from −2.21% y−1 to −3.51% y−1 and was slightly less than the recently reported global rate of decline for seagrasses (−3.7% y−1). Accounting for the gains in three of the embayments, 755.16 ha (20.6%) of seagrass area originally detected was lost during the mapping interval. The results affirm that previously reported losses in a few embayments were symptomatic of more widespread seagrass declines in Massachusetts. State and Federal programs designed to improve environmental quality for conservation and restoration of seagrasses in Massachusetts should continue to be a priority for coastal managers.