Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana
Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana
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DOI：
10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06004.x
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Jones, RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, RT
大麻和 Delta(9)-四氢大麻酚 (THC) 会增加心率，轻微增加卧位血压，有时会产生明显的直立性低血压。对动物的心血管影响各不相同，最典型的反应是心动过缓和低血压。心输出量增加，外周血管阻力和最大运动能力下降。对大多数最初的心血管效应的耐受性很快出现。反复暴露后，卧位血压略有下降，体位性低血压消失，血容量增加，心率减慢，对运动和瓦尔萨尔瓦动作的循环反应减弱，这与中枢介导、交感神经活动减少和副交感神经活动增强一致。受体介导的和可能非神经元的作用位点解释了大麻素的作用。内源性大麻素系统在许多血管功能的调节中显得很重要。对于大多数年轻健康的吸食者来说，大麻对心血管的影响与严重的健康问题无关，尽管偶尔有心肌梗死、中风和其他不良心血管事件的报道。患有心血管疾病的人吸食大麻会带来健康风险，因为会导致心脏工作增加、儿茶酚胺水平、碳氧血红蛋白和体位性低血压增加。临床药理学杂志，2002。
Marijuana and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increase heart rate, slightly increase supine blood pressure, and on occasion produce marked orthostatic hypotension. Cardiovascular effects in animals are different, with bradycardia and hypotension the most typical response. Cardiac output increases, and peripheral vascular resistance and maximum exercise performance decrease. Tolerance to most of the initial cardiovascular effects appears rapidly. With repeated exposure, supine blood pressure decreases slightly, orthostatic hypotension disappears, blood volume increases, heart rate slows, and circulatory responses to exercise and Valsalva maneuver are diminished, consistent with centrally mediated, reduced sympathetic, and enhanced parasympathetic activity. Receptor-mediated and probably nonneuronal sites of action account for cannabinoid effects. The endocannabinoid system appears important in the modulation of many vascular functions. Marijuana's cardiovascular effects are not associated with serious health problems for most young, healthy users, although occasional myocardial infarction, stroke, and other adverse cardiovascular events are reported. Marijuana smoking by people with cardiovascular disease poses health risks because of the consequences of the resulting increased cardiac work, increased catecholamine levels, carboxyhemoglobin, and postural hypotension. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2002.