The effect of strategic patenting on cumulative innovation in UMTS standardization
The effect of strategic patenting on cumulative innovation in UMTS standardization
复制标题
战略专利申请对 UMTS 标准化累积创新的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. West
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rna Rudi Bekkers;J. West
自1990年代以来，知识产权在电信部门变得越来越重要。特别是，专利在GSM标准中发挥的战略作用必然改变了该部门的知识产权战略，增加了电信专利带来的收入和壁垒。GSM提出的问题预示了专利对其他信通技术标准的类似影响。这些发展与研究人员提出的更广泛的担忧相一致，即这些专利可能会阻碍累积创新的过程，有些人将这个问题称为“反公地悲剧”。在回顾了关于专利、累积创新和标准化的各种争议的研究之后，我们回顾了专利在电信标准中的作用的演变。然后，我们分析了1227个独特的“必要”专利在通用移动的电信系统（UMTS），GSM的第三代继任者的标准化中的作用。使用数据源的组合，我们展示了专利活动的时间，性质和范围的差异如何与企业的商业模式，竞争地位和标准化活动中的作用。由此，我们提供了更广泛的观察现有的知识产权政策和协调机制的局限性，以及各种政策选择对电信标准化专利扩散的可能影响。
Since the 1990s, intellectual property rights have become increasingly important in the telecommunications sector. In particular, the strategic role of patents played in the GSM standard irrevocably changed the IPR strategies within the sector, increasing both the revenues and barriers provided by telecom patents. The issues raised by GSM foreshadowed comparable impacts of patents upon other ICT standards. These developments parallels broader concerns raised by researchers about the risk that such patents impede the process of cumulative innovation, a problem some have labeled “the tragedy of the anticommons.” After reviewing research on the various controversies regarding patents, cumulative innovation and standardization, we review the evolution of the role of patents in telecommunications standards. We then analyze the role of 1227 unique “essential” patents declared in the standardization of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the thirdgeneration successor to GSM. Using a combination of data sources, we show how differences in the timing, nature and scope of patenting activities relate to firms’ business models, competitive position and role in the standardization activity. From this, we offer broader observations about the limits of existing IPR policies and coordination mechanisms, as well as the likely impact of various policy alternatives on patent proliferation in telecommunications standardization.