Doing good by doing nothing? The role of social norms in explaining default effects in altruistic contexts
Doing good by doing nothing? The role of social norms in explaining default effects in altruistic contexts
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ejsp.2080
复制
发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Faber, Nadira S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Everett, Jim A. C.;Caviola, Lucius;Faber, Nadira S.
我们探讨了在选择情境中对默认选项的已知偏好——默认效应——是否发生在利他情境中，以及这种偏好在多大程度上可以通过诉诸社会规范来解释。在四个实验中，我们发现(i)当这是利他选择的默认选项时，参与者更有可能向慈善机构捐款；（ii）参与者认为默认选项是社会规范选项；（iii）社会规范感知在违约状态与慈善捐赠之间的关系中起中介作用；（iv）转移效应，即参与者将他们从一个领域的默认选项中推断出的社会规范转化为第二个相关领域的行为。从理论上讲，我们的分析将默认效应置于一个关于社会规范和态度-行为关系的社会心理学研究的综合体系中，提供了新的经验预测。实际上，这些发现强调了捐赠政策的制定方式可以对捐赠行为产生重要影响：在我们的第三项研究中，我们发现81%的人将参与实验所得的一半捐给了慈善机构，而在保留钱是默认选项时，这一比例仅为19%。我们的研究表明，利用默认效应可能是一种有效的工具，可以在不损害自由的情况下增加利他行为。(c) 2014年作者。《欧洲社会心理学杂志》，由John Wiley & Sons出版。
We explore whether the known preference for default options in choice contextsdefault effectsoccur in altruistic contexts and the extent to which this can be explained through appeal to social norms. In four experiments, we found that (i) participants were more likely to donate money to charity when this was the default option in an altruistic choice context; (ii) participants perceived the default option to be the socially normative option; (iii) perceptions of social norms mediated the relationship between default status and charitable donations; and (iv) a transfer effect, whereby participants translated social norms they inferred from the default option in one domain into behavior in a second, related domain. Theoretically, our analysis situates default effects within a comprehensive body of social psychological research concerning social norms and the attitude-behavior relationship, providing novel empirical predictions. Practically, these findings highlight that the way donation policies are framed can have an important impact on donation behavior: in our third study, we found that 81% donated half of their earnings for taking part in the experiment to charity when this was the default option, compared with only 19% when keeping the money was the default. Our work suggests that making use of default effects could be an effective tool to increase altruistic behavior without compromising freedom. (c) 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.