Risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections and HIV among adolescents in a reference clinic in Madrid
Risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections and HIV among adolescents in a reference clinic in Madrid
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0228998
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发表时间：
2020-03-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Del Romero Guerrero, Jorge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ayerdi Aguirrebengoa, Oskar;Garcia, Mar Vera;Del Romero Guerrero, Jorge
前言青少年性传播感染(STI)的发病率比老年人群高。世界卫生组织强调有必要针对这一年龄段采取具体和全面的预防方案。这项工作的目的是分析青少年中艾滋病毒/性传播感染的流行率，并确定与这些感染相关的社会人口学、临床和行为标记物，以促进具体的预防策略。方法回顾描述性研究，对2016至2018年间在马德里一家参考性病诊所首次就诊的10-19岁青少年进行研究。所有青少年都得到了一份结构化的流行病学问卷，其中收集了有关社会人口、临床和行为特征的信息。他们接受了人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和其他性传播感染(STI)的筛查。结果青少年儿童HIV/STI感染率为：淋病21.7%，衣原体17.1%，梅毒4.8%，HIV 2.4%。在进行了多变量分析后，与性传播感染的存在相关的独立的、有统计学意义的变量是在年轻时有第一次性行为和有性传播感染的病史。来自拉丁美洲的比例略低于统计学意义(p=0.066)。讨论/结论早年性行为或有HIV/STI病史的青少年获得性传播感染的风险较高。应实施专门针对青少年的全面预防方案，特别是在13岁之前。
IntroductionAdolescents have a higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than persons of older age groups. The WHO emphasises the need to adopt specific and comprehensive prevention programmes aimed at this age group. The objective of this work was to analyse the prevalence of HIV/STIs among adolescents and to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural markers associated with these infections, in order to promote specific preventive strategies.MethodologyRetrospective descriptive study of adolescents, aged 10-19 years, who were attended to for the first consultation between 2016 and 2018 in a reference STI clinic in Madrid. All adolescents were given a structured epidemiological questionnaire where information on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics was collected. They were screened for human inmmunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The processing and analysis of the data was done using the STATA 15.0 statistical package.ResultsThe frequency of HIV/STIs detected among all adolescents was: gonorrhoea 21.7%, chlamydia 17.1%, syphilis 4.8% and HIV 2.4%. After conducting a multivariate analysis, the independent and statistically significant variables related to the presence of an STI were having first sexual relations at a young age and having a history of STIs. Latin American origin was just below the level of statistical significance (p = 0.066).Discussion/ConclusionsAdolescents who begin sexual relations at an early age or those who have a history of HIV/STIs are at higher risk of acquiring STIs. Comprehensive prevention programmes aimed specifically at adolescents should be implemented, especially before the age of 13 years.