A new approach to understanding the impact of circadian disruption on human health.
A new approach to understanding the impact of circadian disruption on human health.
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DOI：
10.1186/1740-3391-6-7
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发表时间：
2008-05-29
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bullough, John D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rea, Mark S;Bierman, Andrew;Bullough, John D
背景：明暗模式是昼夜节律与 24 小时太阳日的主要同步器。昼夜节律的破坏与多种疾病有关。然而，对人类暴露于光下的生态学研究实际上不存在，因此很难确定光引起的昼夜节律紊乱实际上是否直接影响人类健康。方法：一种新开发的现场测量设备记录了白班和轮班护士的昼夜节律光暴露和活动。使用光暴露和活动之间循环互相关的相量分析对这两组的以行为夹带定义的昼夜节律破坏进行量化。还确定了接受一致的 12 小时光照/12 小时黑暗模式 (12L:12D) 的大鼠和接受“时差”时间表的大鼠的昼夜节律破坏。 结果：白班护士和暴露于一致的光照-黑暗模式的大鼠在其循环互相关函数和 24 小时相量表示中表现出明显的相似性，除了物种之间大约 12 小时的相位差之外。相位差反映了人类与啮齿动物的昼间与夜间行为。物种内的相位差异可能反映了个体之间的时间型差异。与白班护士和 12L:12D 大鼠相比，轮班护士和遵循“时差”时间表的大鼠表现出相量幅度显着降低。 24 小时相量幅度的减少表明与护士和具有规则明暗暴露模式的大鼠相比，行为夹带的损失。 结论：本文为系统研究光引起的昼夜节律紊乱对人类和动物模型的影响提供了定量基础。需要生态光和活动数据来深入了解现代人实际经历的昼夜节律夹带/干扰。现在可以获得并分析这些数据，以揭示实际光照与昼夜节律标记（例如休息活动模式、核心体温和褪黑激素合成）之间的相互关系。此外，现在应该可以将人类昼夜节律破坏的生态研究与使用动物模型对昼夜节律破坏和健康结果之间关系的参数研究联系起来。
BACKGROUND: Light and dark patterns are the major synchronizer of circadian rhythms to the 24-hour solar day. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with a variety of maladies. Ecological studies of human exposures to light are virtually nonexistent, however, making it difficult to determine if, in fact, light-induced circadian disruption directly affects human health.METHODS: A newly developed field measurement device recorded circadian light exposures and activity from day-shift and rotating-shift nurses. Circadian disruption defined in terms of behavioral entrainment was quantified for these two groups using phasor analyses of the circular cross-correlations between light exposure and activity. Circadian disruption also was determined for rats subjected to a consistent 12-hour light/12-hour dark pattern (12L:12D) and ones subjected to a "jet-lagged" schedule.RESULTS: Day-shift nurses and rats exposed to the consistent light-dark pattern exhibited pronounced similarities in their circular cross-correlation functions and 24-hour phasor representations except for an approximate 12-hour phase difference between species. The phase difference reflects the diurnal versus nocturnal behavior of humans versus rodents. Phase differences within species likely reflect chronotype differences among individuals. Rotating-shift nurses and rats subjected to the "jet-lagged" schedule exhibited significant reductions in phasor magnitudes compared to the day-shift nurses and the 12L:12D rats. The reductions in the 24-hour phasor magnitudes indicate a loss of behavioral entrainment compared to the nurses and the rats with regular light-dark exposure patterns.CONCLUSION: This paper provides a quantitative foundation for systematically studying the impact of light-induced circadian disruption in humans and in animal models. Ecological light and activity data are needed to develop the essential insights into circadian entrainment/disruption actually experienced by modern people. These data can now be obtained and analyzed to reveal the interrelationship between actual light exposures and markers of circadian rhythm such as rest-activity patterns, core body temperature, and melatonin synthesis. Moreover, it should now be possible to bridge ecological studies of circadian disruption in humans to parametric studies of the relationships between circadian disruption and health outcomes using animal models.