Effect of pesticides used in banana and pineapple plantations on aquatic ecosystems in Costa Rica.
Effect of pesticides used in banana and pineapple plantations on aquatic ecosystems in Costa Rica.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
N. J. Diepens;S. Pfennig;P. J. Van den Brink;J. Gunnarsson;C. Ruepert;L. Castillo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. J. Diepens;S. Pfennig;P. J. Van den Brink;J. Gunnarsson;C. Ruepert;L. Castillo
目前关于农药归趋和影响的知识主要来自温带生态系统。需要对热带系统进行更多的研究，以评估香蕉和菠萝种植园等地广泛使用农药对非目标热带特有物种造成的污染风险。在这项研究中，急性实验室毒性试验与有机磷农药灭线磷和毒死蜱进行了两个哥斯达黎加物种，枝水蚤和鱼Parachromis dovii。试验表明，毒死蜱对D. ambigua和P.dovii，D.对这两种农药的敏感性也高于白僵菌。此外，通过暴露D. magna和P.dovii对从田间收集的污染水的抗性。田间水的化学分析表明，杀真菌剂通常是最常见的农药组，其次是杀虫剂/杀线虫剂和除草剂。生物测定和从文献中获得的值证实，D。magna对农药污染的敏感性高于P.dovii和D. ambigua比D. magna，这表明本地枝藻是一个更合适的测试种比温带对应。物种敏感性分布表明，在本研究中暴露于毒死蜱的热带和温带鱼类和节肢动物物种之间的敏感性没有显着差异。胆碱酯酶活性（ChE）在P.dovii在实验室测试中测量，以评估该生物标志物的适用性。在实验室中，在低于灭线磷和毒死蜱LC10的水平下观察到P.dovii中的ChE抑制，证实ChE是一种有效的接触生物标志物。发现本研究中使用的两种哥斯达黎加土著物种都是合适的标准热带试验物种。需要进一步研究，以调查从热带本地物种的LC50得出的安全环境浓度对保护热带水生自然群落的保护作用。
Current knowledge on fate and effect of agricultural pesticides comes is mainly from temperate ecosystems. More studies are needed in tropical systems in order to assess contamination risks to nontarget endemic tropical species from the extensive use of pesticides e.g. in banana and pineapple plantations. In this study, acute laboratory toxicity tests with organophosphate pesticides ethoprophos and chlorpyrifos were conducted on two Costa Rican species, cladoceran Daphnia ambigua and fish Parachromis dovii. Tests showed that chlorpyrifos was more toxic than ethoprophos to D. ambigua and P. dovii and that D. ambigua was also more sensitive than P. dovii to both pesticides. Additionally, bioassays were performed by exposing D. magna and P. dovii to contaminated water collected from the field. Chemical analyses of field water revealed that fungicides were generally the most frequent pesticide group found, followed by insecticides/nematicides and herbicides. The bioassays and values obtained from the literature confirmed that D. magna was more sensitive to pesticide contamination than P. dovii and that D. ambigua was more sensitive than D. magna, suggesting that the native cladoceran is a more suitable test species than its temperate counterpart. Species sensitivity distributions showed no significant difference in sensitivity between tropical and temperate fish and the arthropod species exposed to chlorpyrifos in this study. Choline esterase activity (ChE) was measured in P. dovii in laboratory tests in order to assess the applicability of this biomarker. ChE inhibition in P. dovii was observed in the laboratory at levels below the LC10 of both ethoprophos and chlorpyrifos, confirming that ChE is an efficient biomarker of exposure. Both indigenous Costa Rican species used in this study were found to be suitable standard tropical test species. Further studies are needed to investigate how protective the safe environmental concentrations, derived from LC50 of native tropical species, are for protecting tropical aquatic natural communities.