Phenomenological Dimensions of Sensory Gating
Phenomenological Dimensions of Sensory Gating
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/sbq054
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Smith, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hetrick, William P.;Erickson, Molly A.;Smith, David A.
当代的感觉门控定义通常与McGhie和Chapman描述的知觉和注意现象学有关，包括感觉输入质量的异常，对背景噪音的意识增强，以及精神分裂症患者报告的选择性注意力差。尽管有这些明确的现象学起源，但对感觉门控结构当代操作化背后的经验现象知之甚少，例如该结构是否仅限于与感官知觉调制相关的经验，包括选择性注意力和注意力分散，甚至该结构是否可以通过自我报告获得。由于这些问题的澄清对心理学理论的发展和检验以及精神病理学的研究具有重要意义，因此进行了一系列研究，以（a）经验性地确定健康年轻人的感觉门控（如知觉和注意现象学）的主要维度，（B）开发一个心理测量学上合理的自我报告评定量表，即感觉门控量表（SGI）。Likert项目的因素分析测量广泛的感觉门控一样的主观经验，揭示了1个主要因素，包括异常的知觉调制（例如，提高刺激敏感性和感觉淹没的看法）和3个其他因素测量干扰的过程中的焦点和径向注意力，以及加重的感觉门控一样异常的疲劳和压力。从心理测量学的角度来看，SGI表现出了很强的可靠性和有效性。经验为基础的概念划分的感觉门控结构，并为今后的研究方向进行了说明。
Contemporary sensory gating definitions are generally tied to the perceptual and attentional phenomenology described by McGhie and Chapman, including abnormalities in the quality of sensory input, heightened awareness of background noises, and poor selective attention reported by individuals with schizophrenia. Despite these explicit phenomenological origins, little is known about the experiential phenomena underlying contemporary operationalizations of the sensory gating construct, such as whether the construct is restricted to experiences associated with the modulation of sensory percepts includes selective attention and distractibility or even whether the construct is accessible via self-report. Because clarification of these issues has important implications for the development and testing of psychological theories and the study of psychopathology, a series of studies was conducted to (a) empirically identify the major dimensions of sensory gating like perceptual and attentional phenomenology in healthy young adults and (b) develop a psychometrically sound self-report rating scale to capture these dimensions, the Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI). Factor analyses of Likert items measuring a broad range of sensory gating like subjective experiences revealed 1 primary factor that encompassed anomalies of perceptual modulation (eg, perceptions of heightened stimulus sensitivity and sensory inundation) and 3 other factors measuring disturbances in the processes of focal and radial attention as well as exacerbation of sensory gating like anomalies by fatigue and stress. Psychometrically, the SGI demonstrated strong reliability and validity. An empirically based conceptual demarcation of the sensory gating construct is offered, and directions for future research are described.