Effects of Genotype and Environment on the Contents of Betaine, Choline, and Trigonelline in Cereal Grains
Effects of Genotype and Environment on the Contents of Betaine, Choline, and Trigonelline in Cereal Grains
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DOI：
10.1021/jf3008794
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发表时间：
2012-05-30
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Ward, Jane L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Corol, Delia-Irina;Ravel, Catherine;Ward, Jane L.
这项研究考察了200个谷类基因型的甲基供体含量和组成的环境和遗传变异。甘氨酸甜菜碱、胆碱和胡芦巴碱的含量用H-1核磁共振仪测定，不同谷物类型(G)、不同收割年份和不同生长地点(E)之间存在显著差异。在同一地点种植的200个品系中，甘氨酸甜菜碱是最丰富的甲基供体，其浓度从燕麦的0.43+/-0.09 mg/g dm到二倍体一粒粒品种的2.57+/-0.25 mg/g dm不等。在不同的面包小麦品种中，甜菜碱含量存在3倍的差异。同一品系的胆碱含量显著较低，平均浓度从燕麦的0.17 mg/g dm到硬粒小麦的0.27 mg/g dm。胡芦巴碱是迄今为止所研究的甲基供体中最不丰富的。然而，尽管如此，不同类型的谷物之间还是有很大的差异。在欧洲的四个地点又种植了26个小麦基因型。甘氨酸甜菜碱的平均含量在匈牙利种植的谷物中最高，在英国种植的谷物中最低。在六种环境中，甘氨酸甜菜碱含量相差3.8倍。甘氨酸甜菜碱水平，虽然中等遗传(0.36)，被发现是最容易受到环境条件的影响。游离胆碱浓度在不同基因型之间的变异较小，但该组分的遗传力是所有甲基供体组分中最低的(0.25)，并显示出高G×E交互作用。胡芦巴碱因基因型的差异最大。该代谢物的遗传力最高(0.59)，但鉴于其在小麦中的浓度很低，可能对植物育种者不具吸引力。
This study examined the environmental and genetic variation in methyl donor contents and compositions of 200 cereal genotypes. Glycine betaine, choline, and trigonelline contents were determined by H-1 NMR, and significant differences were observed between cereal types (G) and across harvesting years and growing locations (E). Glycine betaine was the most abundant methyl donor in all of the 200 lines grown on a single site, and concentrations ranged from 0.43 +/- 0.09 mg/g dm in oats to 2.57 +/- 0.25 mg/g dm in diploid Einkorn varieties. In bread wheat genotypes there was a 3-fold difference in glycine betaine content. Choline contents, in the same lines, were substantially lower, and mean concentrations ranged from 0.17 mg/g dm in oats to 0.27 mg/g dm in durum wheat. Trigonelline was by far the least abundant of the methyl donors studied. Despite this, however, there were large differences between cereal types. Twenty-six wheat genotypes were grown in additional years at four European locations. The average glycine betaine content was highest in grains grown in Hungary and lowest in those grown in the United Kingdom. Across the six environments, there was a 3.8-fold difference in glycine betaine content. Glycine betaine levels, although moderately heritable (0.36), were found to be the most susceptible to the environmental conditions. Free choline concentrations were less variable across genotypes, but heritability of this component was the lowest of all methyl donor components (0.25) and showed a high G x E interaction. Trigonelline showed the most variation due to genotype. Heritability of this metabolite was the highest (0.59), but given that it is at a very low concentration in wheat, it is probably not attractive to plant breeders.