An economic analysis of integrated crop-livestock systems in Iowa, USA
An economic analysis of integrated crop-livestock systems in Iowa, USA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agsy.2017.07.001
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Liebman, Matt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poffenbarger, Hanna;Artz, Georgeann;Liebman, Matt
与畜牧业生产相结合的多样化种植系统可以带来巨大的土壤保持和水质效益，但近几十年来，美国玉米带的农民已经转向更加专业化的农业系统。本研究的目的是评估将农作物和牲畜重新纳入美国玉米带农业系统的经济可行性。利用长期耕作系统实验的耕作方法和产量数据，我们计算了四种耕作系统的年收入和成本：有牛和无牛的简单玉米-大豆轮作（分别为2年现金和2年综合），以及有牛和无牛的多样化玉米-大豆-燕麦/苜蓿-苜蓿轮作（分别为4年现金和4年综合）。我们对 2008 年至 2015 年期间爱荷华州中部 405 公顷的土地进行了分析。为了最大限度地利用收获的作物，养牛企业对 2 年和 4 年轮换采取了不同的做法：在 2 年综合系统中，一岁牛的饲料主要是精料饲料，而在 4 年综合系统中，小牛的饲料和精料饲料则主要是饲料和精饲料。我们发现，所有四个农业系统的土地和管理年平均回报率相似（四个系统的平均年回报率为 790 美元/公顷）。与现金系统相比，综合系统在土地和管理回报方面表现出更大的年份变化。此外，不包括土地和管理在内的综合作物-畜牧系统的总成本比经济作物系统高四到九倍。随着轮作多样化，劳动力需求增加了 59%（4 年期现金与 2 年期现金），畜牧业一体化增加了 217%（2 年期综合与 2 年期现金）或 232%（4 年期综合与 2 年期现金）。我们的结论是，在爱荷华州，有或没有牛的多样化轮作都是有利可图的农业系统，但需要比占主导地位的两年期现金粮食系统更多的资本和劳动力投入。
Diversified cropping systems integrated with livestock production can provide substantial soil conservation and water quality benefits, yet farmers in the U.S. Corn Belt have shifted toward greater specialization of farming systems in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of re-integrating crops and livestock in farming systems of the U.S. Corn Belt. Using data on farming practices and yields from a long-term cropping systems experiment, we calculated annual revenue and costs of four farming systems a simple corn-soybean rotation with and without cattle (2-yr cash and 2-yr integrated, respectively) and a diversified corn-soybean-oat/alfalfa-alfalfa rotation with and without cattle (4-yr cash and 4-yr integrated, respectively). Our analysis was conducted for a 405-ha parcel in central Iowa over the period of 2008 to 2015. To maximize the use of harvested crops, cattle enterprises differed for the 2-and 4-yr rotations: yearlings were finished using a diet of mostly concentrate feeds for the 2-yr integrated system and calves were backgrounded and finished using a diet of forages and concentrates for the 4-yr integrated system. We found that mean annual returns to land and management were similar among all four farming systems ($790 ha I averaged across the four systems). The integrated systems exhibited greater variability among years in returns to land and management than the cash systems. In addition, total costs excluding land and management were four-to nine-fold greater for the integrated crop-livestock systems than for the cash crop systems. Labor requirements increased with crop rotation diversification by 59% (4-yr cash vs. 2-yr cash) and with integration of cattle by 217% (2-yr integrated vs. 2-yr cash) or 232% (4-yr integrated vs. 2-yr cash). We concluded that diversified crop rotations with or without cattle are profitable farming systems in Iowa, but require greater capital and labor inputs than the dominant 2-yr cash grain system.