The role of inorganic fertilizers and their management practices
The role of inorganic fertilizers and their management practices
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00747684
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hera, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hera, C
养分管理是可持续土壤肥力的关键问题。氮、磷、钾施肥的目的不仅在于通过优化产量和质量来获得高投资经济回报，而且还在于最小化环境危害。综合植物营养系统的基本概念是通过综合方式并根据具体的生态、社会和经济状况，优化利用所有植物养分来源，特别是无机肥料，维持和可能增加土壤肥力，以持续提高作物生产力。许多研究已经证实肥料在提高土壤肥力和影响其生产力方面的重要性。据观察，施用肥料会引起土壤的许多变化，包括化学变化，这可能会对土壤的生产力产生积极或消极的影响。施入土壤的肥料中只有一小部分被作物吸收，其余部分要么保留在土壤中，要么通过淋滤、物理冲刷、土壤固定或通过化学和微生物过程释放到大气中而损失。有关不同施肥方法相对优点的关键信息（例如施肥方法、施肥时间和施肥后期以及肥料类型）至关重要。本文介绍了不同田间和实验室实验的结果，这些结果有助于以最经济和可持续的肥料使用方式实现最大效率，减少农民的养分损失和生产成本，并防止环境污染。
Nutrient management is the key issue in sustainable soil fertility. N, P, K fertilization aims not only for a high economic return of the investment through optimized yield and quality, but also for minimum environmental hazards. The basic concept underlying integrated plant nutrition systems, is the maintenance and possible increase of soil fertility for sustaining enhanced crop productivity through optimal use of all sources of plant nutrients, particularly inorganic fertilizer, in an integrated manner and as appropriate to each specific ecological, social and economic situation. Much research has established the importance of fertilizers in increasing the fertility of soil and in influencing its productivity. It has been observed that applying fertilizers causes many changes in the soil, including chemical changes, that can positively or negatively influence its productiveness. Only a fraction of the fertilizer applied to the soil is taken up by the crop, the rest either remains in the soil or is lost through leaching, physical wash-off, fixation by the soil, or release to the atmosphere through chemical and microbiological processes. The critical information on the relative merits of different fertilization practices such as method of fertilizer placement, time and late of application and type of fertilizers, is essential. Results from different field and laboratory experiments which helped to achieve maximum efficiency, in the most economical and sustainable way of fertilizer use to reduce the nutrient losses and production costs to the farmers and prevent environmental pollution are presented in the paper.