Sleep deprivation suppresses aggression in Drosophila.
Sleep deprivation suppresses aggression in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.07643
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发表时间：
2015-07-28
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Sehgal A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kayser MS;Mainwaring B;Yue Z;Sehgal A
睡眠障碍对许多功能产生负面影响，并与攻击和暴力有关。然而，睡眠剥夺对攻击性行为的明确影响仍不清楚。我们发现，急性睡眠剥夺严重抑制了果蝇的攻击行为，而其他社会行为则不受影响。这种抑制在剥夺后睡眠反弹后恢复，并且无论实现睡眠丧失的方法如何都会发生。遗传和药理学方法表明，章鱼胺信号传递的变化，在侵略睡眠剥夺，减少侵略的地方睡眠剥夺苍蝇在竞争中处于劣势，获得生殖伴侣。这些研究结果表明，两种遗传保守的行为之间的相互作用，并表明，以前的睡眠经验强烈调节侵略与生殖健康的后果。DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07643.001我们从个人经验中知道，不眠之夜会改变我们的行为方式，有时会使我们更加易怒，不善于社交。然而，建立因果关系可能很困难：缺乏睡眠会导致行为改变，还是相反？果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）是研究这类问题的一种受欢迎的模式生物，因为它的神经回路相对较好理解。为了探索睡眠不足对社会行为的影响，特别是对攻击性的影响，Kayser等人使用各种技术扰乱了雄性果蝇的睡眠，例如在夜间摇晃它们，然后观察它们的行为。实验表明，睡眠不足的苍蝇比睡眠不受干扰的苍蝇攻击性更低。此外，睡眠不足的雄性果蝇在与休息的雄性果蝇直接竞争时，与雌性果蝇交配的成功率较低。在下一次攻击性测试之前，当睡眠剥夺的苍蝇被允许恢复失去的睡眠6小时时，正常的行为就恢复了。为了研究睡眠不足如何导致攻击行为的减少，Kayser等人使用不同的药物来治疗睡眠不足的苍蝇。一种激活果蝇去甲肾上腺素能系统的药物帮助它们在睡眠不足的情况下恢复正常的战斗行为。在哺乳动物中，去甲肾上腺素是一种影响心率、睡眠-觉醒模式、攻击性和许多其他现象的化学物质。虽然攻击性行为通常被认为是人类的负面行为，但它对生存很重要。人类的大脑和行为显然比果蝇复杂得多。然而，更多地了解控制果蝇睡眠和社会行为的神经元回路可能会导致对人类这些现象的更好理解，并且从长远来看，可以影响或调节攻击行为的药物的开发。DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07643.002网站
Sleep disturbances negatively impact numerous functions and have been linked to aggression and violence. However, a clear effect of sleep deprivation on aggressive behaviors remains unclear. We find that acute sleep deprivation profoundly suppresses aggressive behaviors in the fruit fly, while other social behaviors are unaffected. This suppression is recovered following post-deprivation sleep rebound, and occurs regardless of the approach to achieve sleep loss. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches suggest octopamine signaling transmits changes in aggression upon sleep deprivation, and reduced aggression places sleep-deprived flies at a competitive disadvantage for obtaining a reproductive partner. These findings demonstrate an interaction between two phylogenetically conserved behaviors, and suggest that previous sleep experiences strongly modulate aggression with consequences for reproductive fitness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07643.001 We know from personal experience that sleepless nights can change the way we behave, sometimes making us more irritable and less adept at social interactions. However, it can be difficult to establish cause and effect: does a lack of sleep lead to altered behavior, or vice versa? The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a popular model organism for studying questions like this because its neural circuitry is relatively well understood. To explore the effects of lack of sleep on social behaviors, and in particular on aggression, Kayser et al. disrupted the sleep of male fruit flies using various techniques, such as shaking them during the night, and then observed how they behaved. The experiments revealed that sleep-deprived flies were less aggressive than flies with undisturbed sleep. Furthermore, sleep-deprived male flies were less successful at mating with female flies when they were in direct competition with a rested male fly. Normal behavior was restored when the sleep-deprived flies were allowed to recover lost sleep for as little as six hours before the next aggression assay. To investigate how sleep loss leads to a decrease in aggressive behavior, Kayser et al. used different drugs to treat the sleep-deprived flies. A drug activating the equivalent of the noradrenergic system in flies helped them to recover normal fighting behaviors despite a lack of sleep. In mammals, noradrenaline is a chemical that affects heart rate, sleep-wake patterns, aggression and a number of other phenomena. Although aggressive behavior is often perceived as negative in humans, it can be important for survival. Human brains and behaviors are obviously more complex than those of Drosophila. However, learning more about the neuronal circuits that control sleep and social behavior in fruit flies may lead to an improved understanding of these phenomena in humans and, in the longer term, the development of drugs that can influence or modulate aggressive behaviors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07643.002