'Keeping in the race': physics, publication speed and national publishing strategies in Nature, 1895-1939
'Keeping in the race': physics, publication speed and national publishing strategies in Nature, 1895-1939
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007087413000381
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Baldwin, Melinda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baldwin, Melinda
到第二次世界大战开始时，英国科学期刊《自然》——特别是《自然》的“致编辑的信”专栏——已经成为科学家们发表关于他们最新实验发现的简短通讯的主要发表场所。本文认为，诺贝尔奖得主物理学家欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）在20世纪初建立“给编辑的信”专栏方面发挥了重要作用。卢瑟福的贡献使《自然》与英国其他科学周刊区别开来，并帮助建立了《自然》在20世纪影响的决定性特征。卢瑟福对该杂志的参与影响了他在放射性物理领域的学生和同事，并吸引了德国的奥托·哈恩和美国的伯特伦·博登·博尔伍德等物理学家将他们的工作也提交给《自然》，《自然》在传播放射性科学最新研究的新闻方面发挥了重要作用。卢瑟福和他的同事们建立了一种提交给“致编辑信”的模式，这种模式最终被来自世界各地不同领域和实验室的科学家所采用。
By the onset of the Second World War, the British scientific periodical Nature - specifically, Nature's 'Letters to the editor' column - had become a major publication venue for scientists who wished to publish short communications about their latest experimental findings. This paper argues that the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford was instrumental in establishing this use of the 'Letters to the editor' column in the early twentieth century. Rutherford's contributions set Nature apart from its fellow scientific weeklies in Britain and helped construct a defining feature of Nature's influence in the twentieth century. Rutherford's participation in the journal influenced his students and colleagues in the field of radioactivity physics and drew physicists like the German Otto Hahn and the American Bertram Borden Boltwood to submit their work to Nature as well, and Nature came to play a major role in spreading news of the latest research in the science of radioactivity. Rutherford and his colleagues established a pattern of submissions to the 'Letters to the editor' that would eventually be adopted by scientists from diverse fields and from laboratories around the world.