Public finance in emerging economies
Public finance in emerging economies
复制标题
新兴经济体的公共财政
DOI：
10.1007/s10797-023-09817-6
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Brockmeyer A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brockmeyer A
虽然世界上80%以上的人口生活在低收入和中等收入国家，但公共财政研究长期以来一直集中在高收入国家。在新兴市场，财政政策的设计和执行必须应对各种市场失灵，如不完善的信贷或金融市场，政府引起的扭曲，以及政府执行最佳政策的能力有限。与此同时，新兴市场的政府有很多机会利用公共财政的最新进展来改进公共财政政策的设计，富裕国家的政府也有很多机会学习世界其他地区的经验。在我们相互关联的世界中，新兴经济体面临的挑战对全球经济的未来至关重要。新兴经济体是否以及如何向清洁能源转型是全球变暖的一个关键问题。发展中国家的医疗系统如何应对COVID-19大流行将影响疫情的发展。同样，随着富裕国家老龄化的人口结构给退休制度和全球价值链带来压力，新兴经济体可能会越来越依赖丰富的劳动力。我们的ITAX特刊以尖端研究为特色，揭示了高收入和低收入国家的重要新政策和经济发展。这期特刊的大部分工作是在安妮·布罗克迈耶担任财政研究所副所长时进行的，并由英国政府通过发展中国家税收分析中心（TaxDev）提供财政支持并通过Brockmeyer的UKRI未来领袖奖学金（资助参考MR/V025058/1）。本报告中的调查结果、解释和结论不一定反映世界银行、其执行董事会或他们所代表的政府的观点。
While over 80% of the world’s population live in low-and middle-income countries, research in public finance has for a long time been focused on high-income countries. In emerging markets, the design and implementation of fiscal policies must contend with various market failures, such as imperfect credit or financial markets, with government-induced distortions and with limits to the capacity of governments to implement optimal policies. At the same time, there are many opportunities for governments from emerging markets to use the latest advances in public finance to improve the design of public finance policies and for governments in rich countries to learn from the experiences in the rest of the world. In our interconnected world, the challenges faced by emerging economies are central to the future of the global economy. Whether and how emerging economies transition to cleaner energy sources is a key question for global warming. How medical systems in developing countries respond to the COVID-19 pandemic will shape the course of the epidemic. Similarly, as aging demographic structures in rich countries place pressure on retirement systems and on global value chains, there will likely be increased reliance on abundant labor in emerging economies. Our special ITAX issue features cutting-edge research that shed light on important new policies and economics developments in both high-and low-incomeMost of the work on this special issue was conducted when Anne Brockmeyer was an Associate Director at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, and was financially supported by UKAID from the UK government via the Centre for Tax Analysis in Developing Countries (TaxDev) and through Brockmeyer’s UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (grant reference MR/V025058/1). The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments that they represent.