Naming influences 9-month-olds' identification of discrete categories along a perceptual continuum.
Naming influences 9-month-olds' identification of discrete categories along a perceptual continuum.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2016.07.011
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发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Waxman SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Havy M;Waxman SR
越来越多的证据表明，命名指导9个月大的婴儿，因为他们组织他们的视觉经验到类别。特别是，这些证据表明，当类别在视觉上不同时，命名会突出显示这些类别。在这里，我们通过引入一个预期的设计来评估命名如何影响婴儿对沿着知觉连续体变化的物体的分类。我们介绍了9个月大的婴儿（n = 48）连续的新的生物样物体。在学习阶段，婴儿有机会观察到知觉连续体一端的物体向左移动，另一端的物体向右移动。不同的是物体的命名方式。在一个名字的条件下，婴儿听到的是同一个新名词，它适用于连续体中沿着的所有物体;在两个名字的条件下，婴儿听到的是连续体一端物体的一个名字，另一端物体的第二个名字。在测试中，所有的婴儿都从同一个连续体中看到了新的物体。争论的焦点是婴儿是否会预期测试对象会移动到哪一边，以及他们的预期是否会随着命名条件的变化而变化。在一个名字的条件下，婴儿形成了一个单一的总体类别，因此在任何一个位置寻找新的测试对象;在两个名字的条件下，婴儿辨别出两个类别，因此正确地预测了测试对象的可能位置，无论这些位置是靠近两极还是靠近连续体的中心。这提供了第一个证据，到9个月，命名支持类别的数量婴儿强加沿着知觉连续体和类别边界的清晰度。
A growing body of evidence documents that naming guides 9-month-old infants as they organize their visual experiences into categories. In particular, this evidence reveals that naming highlights categories when these are visually distinct. Here we advance this work in by introducing an anticipatory looking design to assess how naming influences infants’ categorization of objects that vary along a perceptual continuum. We introduced 9-month-old infants (n = 48) to continua of novel creature-like objects. During the learning phase, infants had an opportunity to observe that objects from one end of the perceptual continuum moved to the left and objects from the other end moved to the right. What varied was how the objects were named. Infants in the one-name condition heard the same novel noun applied to all objects along the continuum; those in the two-name condition heard one name for objects from one end of the continuum and a second name for objects at the other end. At test, all infants viewed new objects from the same continuum. At issue was whether infants would anticipate the side to which the test objects would move and whether their expectations varied as a function of naming condition. Infants in the one-name condition formed a single overarching category and therefore searched for new test objects at either location; those in the two-name condition discerned two categories and therefore correctly anticipated the likely location of the test objects, whether these were close to the poles or to the center of the continuum. This provides the first evidence that by 9 months, naming supports both the number of categories infants impose along a perceptual continuum and the clarity of the category boundaries.
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