An evaluation of airport x-ray backscatter units based on image characteristics
An evaluation of airport x-ray backscatter units based on image characteristics
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DOI：
10.1007/s12198-010-0059-7
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Carlson, Joseph W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaufman, Leon;Carlson, Joseph W.
目前在英国、美国和其他机场部署的x射线后向散射机的性能资料很少。我们使用已知的用于成像的x射线光谱、设备规格和可用图像来实现蒙特卡罗模拟，以估计x射线束对人体的穿透和暴露，以及对危险违禁品的敏感性。我们展示了人体完全暴露在入射的x射线中，尽管可以在声称的暴露水平下拍摄图像（每次视图低于100毫灰），但在这些系统中可以阻止对违禁品的检测。由于获得了正面和背面视图，所以低Z材料只有在包装在车身外侧或有硬边时才能可靠地检测到，而高Z材料在放置在车身前部或后部时可以很好地看到，但不能看到侧面。即使暴露量显著增加，正常的解剖结构也会使具有锥形边缘的危险数量的塑料炸药很难（如果不是不可能）被探测到。
Little information exists on the performance of x-ray backscatter machines now being deployed through UK, US and other airports. We implement a Monte Carlo simulation using as input what is known about the x-ray spectra used for imaging, device specifications and available images to estimate penetration and exposure to the body from the x-ray beam, and sensitivity to dangerous contraband materials. We show that the body is exposed throughout to the incident x-rays, and that although images can be made at the exposure levels claimed (under 100 nanoGrey per view), detection of contraband can be foiled in these systems. Because front and back views are obtained, low Z materials can only be reliable detected if they are packed outside the sides of the body or with hard edges, while high Z materials are well seen when placed in front or back of the body, but not to the sides. Even if exposure were to be increased significantly, normal anatomy would make a dangerous amount of plastic explosive with tapered edges difficult if not impossible to detect.