Recognition Memory for Single Items and for Associations Is Similarly Impaired following Damage to the Hippocampal Region & L E a R N I N G M E M O R Y-猫眼课题宝

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C. Stark;P. Bayley;L. Squire

项目之间新关联的形成对于建立情景记忆至关重要。有人认为，海马体对于建立这种关联至关重要，但不参与或较少参与单个项目的记忆。在实验1中，我们在单项和联想识别记忆任务中测试了对照组和双侧病变主要局限于海马区的遗忘症患者。在单项任务中，进行了传统的识别记忆任务，参与者研究房屋或面孔，并测试他们识别单个项目的能力。在联想任务中，参与者研究了房屋和面孔的配对图片，并附有鼓励将两种刺激关联起来的说明，并测试了他们识别研究中呈现的特定配对的能力。与对照组一样，失忆症患者在联想任务上表现更差。与对照组相比，失忆症患者在单项任务和联想任务上的受损程度相似。在实验2中，通过增加研究列表的呈现次数（八次而不是一次），健忘症患者的表现得到了改善。在单项测试和联想测试中，失忆症患者在八次演示后的表现与仅接受一项研究列表演示的对照组的表现相同。因此，对于失忆症患者来说，联想条件并不是特别困难。这些结果与海马体同样参与单项记忆和联想记忆的观点是一致的。陈述性记忆（事实和事件的记忆）依赖于内侧颞叶的结构，包括海马区（海马本身、齿状回、下托）和沿着海马旁回的邻近结构（内嗅、鼻周和海马旁皮质）。目前，这些结构对陈述性记忆的确切贡献尚不清楚。人们已经做出了一些努力来区分海马区的作用和邻近结构的作用。其中许多都有一个共同的线索，提出海马体特别参与陈述性记忆任务，这些任务需要在呈现材料的不同组成部分之间形成和使用关联（例如，在这种观点的强版本中，海马体被认为对于诸如回忆或配对联想学习等明显的联想任务至关重要，并且它还支持回忆……

The formation of new associations between items is critical for establishing episodic memories. It has been suggested that the hippocampus is essential for creating such associations but is not involved, or is much less involved, in memory for single items. In Experiment 1, we tested controls and amnesic patients with bilateral lesions thought to be limited primarily to the hippocampal region in both single-item and associative recognition memory tasks. In the single-item task, a conventional recognition memory task was administered in which participants studied either houses or faces and were tested for their ability to recognize the individual items. In the associative task, participants studied paired pictures of houses and faces with instructions that encouraged associating the two stimuli, and were tested for their ability to recognize the specific pairings that were presented at study. Like the controls, the amnesic patients performed more poorly on the associative task. Relative to the controls, the amnesic patients were impaired to a similar extent on the single-item and associative tasks. In Experiment 2, the performance of the amnesic patients was improved by increasing the number of presentations of the study lists (eight presentations instead of one). On both the single-item and associative tests, the performance of the amnesic patients after eight presentations was now identical to the performance of the controls who had been given only one presentation of the study list. Thus, the associative condition was not disproportionally difficult for the amnesic patients. These results are consistent with the idea that the hippocampus is similarly involved in single-item and associative memory. Declarative memory (memory for facts and events) relies upon structures in the medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampal region (the hippocampus proper, the dentate gyrus, the subiculum) and the adjacent structures that lie along the parahippocampal gyrus (the entorhinal, perirhi-nal, and parahippocampal cortices). Currently, the precise contribution that these structures make to declarative memory is not well understood. There have been several efforts to distinguish the role of the hippocampal region from the role of the adjacent structures. Many of these share a common thread, proposing that the hippocampus is particularly involved in declarative memory tasks that require the formation and use of associations between the separate components of presented material (e. In strong versions of this view, the hippocampus is proposed to be essential for overtly associative tasks such as recall or paired-associate learning, and it also supports the recollective …

Recognition Memory for Single Items and for Associations Is Similarly Impaired following Damage to the Hippocampal Region & L E a R N I N G M E M O R Y

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