The genetics of alcohol dependence.
The genetics of alcohol dependence.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11920-006-0015-1
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Bierut, Laura J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dick, Danielle M;Bierut, Laura J
酒精依赖是一种常见的复杂疾病，影响着全世界数百万人，并在人际和社会成本方面造成相当大的负担。家庭、双胞胎和收养研究令人信服地证明，基因在酒精依赖的发展中起着重要作用，男性和女性的遗传率估计在50%至60%之间。许多研究正在进行中，以确定与酒精依赖倾向有关的特定基因，有理由对最近的进展充满热情。本文综述了几个相关的易感基因，包括参与酒精代谢的基因，以及参与GABA能、内源性阿片、多巴胺能、胆碱能和多巴胺能传递的基因。下一个挑战将是进一步描述与这些易感基因相关的风险，研究它们如何与共病疾病、风险的发展轨迹以及环境因素的潜在调节作用相关。
Alcohol dependence is a common, complex disorder, which affects millions of people worldwide and causes considerable burden in terms of interpersonal and societal costs. Family, twin, and adoption studies have convincingly demonstrated that genes play an important role in the development of alcohol dependence, with heritability estimates in the range of 50% to 60% for both men and women. A number of studies are under way to identify specific genes involved in the predisposition toward alcohol dependence, and there is reason to be enthusiastic about recent progress. Several associated susceptibility genes are reviewed here, including genes involved in alcohol metabolism, as well as genes involved in GABAergic, endogenous opioid, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic transmission. The next challenge will be to further characterize the risk associated with these susceptibility genes, examining how they may be related to comorbid disorders, developmental trajectories of risk, and potential moderation by environmental factors.