How experiencing and anticipating temporal landmarks influence motivation
How experiencing and anticipating temporal landmarks influence motivation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.04.012
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Li, Claire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai, Hengchen;Li, Claire
时间标志，或时间中突出的时刻，构成了人们对时间的感知和利用。我们重点介绍了最近的研究，研究了经历和预期时间里程碑如何影响动机和目标追求。经历一个短暂的里程碑可能会产生一种“新的开始效应”，让人们在经历了里程碑之后更有动力去追求他们的目标。如果人们想到一个理想的未来状态，预测未来的里程碑也会增加他们当前的动力。我们回顾了这些发现背后的一个重要解释：时间标志可以在过去、现在和未来的自我之间创造一种心理分离。我们还提出了其他可能的解释，并讨论了在哪些情况下，体验和预期时间标志可能不再具有激励作用，甚至会损害动机。
Temporal landmarks, or moments that stand out in time, structure people's perceptions and use of time. We highlight recent research examining how both experiencing and anticipating temporal landmarks impact motivation and goal pursuit. Experiencing a temporal landmark may produce a 'fresh start effect', making people feel more motivated to pursue their goals right after the landmark. Anticipating a future landmark may also increase people's current motivation if they are reminded of an ideal future state. We review one prominent explanation underlying these findings: temporal landmarks can create a psychological separation between past, current, and future selves. We also propose other possible explanations and discuss circumstances under which experiencing and anticipating temporal landmarks may cease to be motivating, or even harm motivation.