Counter-Regulation and Control-Dependency Affective Processing Biases in the Service of Action Regulation
Counter-Regulation and Control-Dependency Affective Processing Biases in the Service of Action Regulation
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DOI：
10.1027/1864-9335/a000043
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Rothermund, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rothermund, Klaus
自动情感加工的动机调节的两个基本原则的描述和相关证据进行了审查。根据反调节原理，注意力会自动分配给与当前动机状态相反的信息：积极的结果焦点会增加负面信息的显着性，而负面的结果焦点会引起对积极信息的注意力集中。自动情感处理中的反调节可以防止动机状态升级或成为慢性状态。根据控制依赖原则，如果目标追求被认为是可控的，那么信息处理的特征是问题焦点（消极偏见），而对重要结果缺乏控制则伴随着增强焦点（积极偏见）。情感加工的控制依赖性促进了在面对可控挑战时持续的目标追求，并促进了对给定情境的接受和对受阻目标的脱离。
Two basic principles governing the motivational regulation of automatic affective processing are described and relevant evidence is reviewed. According to the counter-regulation principle, attention is automatically allocated to information that is opposite in valence to current motivational states: A positive outcome focus increases the salience of negative information whereas a negative outcome focus induces an attentional focus on positive information. Counter-regulation in automatic affective processing prevents motivational states from escalating or becoming chronic. According to the control-dependency principle, processing of information is characterized by a problem focus (negativity bias) if goal pursuit is experienced as controllable, whereas experiencing a lack of control over important outcomes is accompanied by an enhancement focus (positivity bias). Control-dependency of affective processing promotes persistent goal pursuit in the face of controllable challenges, and facilitates the acceptance of a given situation and disengagement from blocked goals.