Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries
Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-019-1444-4
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发表时间：
2019-08-22
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Sims, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Queiroz, Nuno;Humphries, Nicolas E.;Sims, David W.
有效的海洋管理和高度洄游物种的保护取决于解决动物运动和分布以及捕鱼努力之间的重叠问题。然而，在全球范围内缺乏这方面的信息。在这里，我们通过结合卫星跟踪远洋鲨鱼和全球捕鱼船队的运动的大数据方法表明，鲨鱼使用的平均每月空间的24%属于远洋延绳钓渔业的足迹。具有商业价值的鲨鱼和受国际保护物种的空间使用热点与延绳钓的重叠程度最高（分别高达76%和64%），并且还与捕鱼努力量的显著增加有关。我们的结论是，在国家管辖范围以外的海洋区域（公海），远洋鲨鱼在目前捕捞努力水平下的空间避难所有限。我们的研究结果表明，迫切需要在鲨鱼空间使用的公海热点地区采取保护和管理措施，并强调了同时对巨型动物和渔民进行卫星监测作为近实时动态管理工具的潜力。
Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.