Alternatives to the combinatorial paradigm of linguistic theory based on domain general principles of human cognition
Alternatives to the combinatorial paradigm of linguistic theory based on domain general principles of human cognition
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DOI：
10.1515/tlir.2005.22.2-4.381
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Mcclelland, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bybee, J;Mcclelland, JL
有人认为，解释语言行为所需的原则是领域，并基于特定经验对语言的心理组织和代表的影响。该组织必须对特定信息和广义模式敏感。此外，语言知识对使用频率高度敏感：经常使用的语言序列变得更加频繁，更容易访问和更好地整合。所提供的证据主要来自语音学和形态，并解决了在假定单位，类别和二分法中发现的渐变和特异性问题，例如常规和不规则，但这些要点适用于所有语言分析，包括句法，语义，语义和话语水平。考虑了代表这种现象的适当模型，包括示例模型和连接派模型，这些模型正在发展以更好地符合语言数据。在许多现有的语言理论的组合范式中，人们对连接主义模型的主要批评通常不会捕获自由组合，以至于基于规则的系统所做的范围被视为一种优势而不是弱点。最近的连接主义模型比早期变体显示出更高的生产率和系统性，但比组合模型的概括性均匀度更少。鉴于这种不均匀性是语言结构和语言行为的规则，连接主义模型表明的剩余不均匀性是适当的。
It is argued that the principles needed to explain linguistic behavior are domain-general and based on the impact that specific experiences have on the mental organization and representation of language. This organization must be sensitive to both specific information and generalized patterns. In addition, knowledge of language is highly sensitive to frequency of use: frequently-used linguistic sequences become more frequent, more accessible and better integrated. The evidence adduced is mainly from phonology and morphology and addresses the issue of gradience and specificity found in postulated units, categories, and dichotomies such as regular and irregular but the points apply to all levels of linguistic analysis including the syntactic, semantic, and discourse levels. Appropriate models for representing such phenomena are considered, including exemplar models and connectionist models, which are evolving to achieve a better fit with linguistic data. The major criticism of connectionist models often raised from, within the combinatorial paradigm of much existing linguistic theory - that they do not capture free combination' to the extent that rule-based systems do, is regarded as a strength rather than a weakness. Recent connectionist models exhibit greater productivity and systematicity than earlier variants, but still show less uniformity of generalization than combinatorial models do. The remaining non-uniformity that the connectionist models show is appropriate, given that such non-uniformity is the rule in language structure and language behavior.