Persistence of Matrilocal Postmarital Residence Across Multiple Generations in Southern Africa.
Persistence of Matrilocal Postmarital Residence Across Multiple Generations in Southern Africa.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12110-023-09452-4
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发表时间：
2023-06
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Henn, Brenna M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reynolds, Austin W;Grote, Mark N;Myrick, Justin W;Al-Hindi, Dana R;Siford, Rebecca L;Mastoras, Mira;Moller, Marlo;Henn, Brenna M
生存更替、战争或不同群体之间的互动等因素可能是人类文化变化的主要来源。全球人口结构的变化，如新石器时代向农业的过渡，以及最近世纪的城市化和全球化，都是文化变革的主要催化剂。在这里，我们测试的文化特征，如patri/matrilocality和婚后移民是否坚持在面对社会动荡和基因流在过去150年的后殖民南非。南非的近代历史见证了重大的人口变化，导致土著Khoekhoe和San人口流离失所和被迫sedentism。在殖民边界扩张期间，科伊桑人与欧洲殖民者和来自西非/中非、印度尼西亚和南亚的奴隶混在一起，引入了新的文化规范。我们在Nama和Cederberg社区进行了人口调查，代表了三代人近3,000人。尽管有殖民扩张的历史，以及随后将Khoe-San和Khoe-San后裔社区纳入具有强烈父权规范的殖民社会，但父权是我们今天研究人群中最不常见的婚后居住模式。我们的研究结果表明，最近融入市场经济的力量可能是我们研究中所研究的文化特征变化的主要驱动力。居住地对个体的迁移几率、迁移距离和婚后居住形式有很强的影响。出生地的人口规模至少可以部分解释这些影响。我们的研究结果表明，当地的出生地的市场因素是居住决策的重要驱动力，虽然matrilocal居住的频率和迁移和居住模式的地理和时间的渐变也表明一些历史Khoe-San文化特征在当代群体的持久性。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1007/s12110-023-09452-4获得。
Factors such as subsistence turnover, warfare, or interaction between different groups can be major sources of cultural change in human populations. Global demographic shifts such as the transition to agriculture during the Neolithic and more recently the urbanization and globalization of the twentieth century have been major catalysts for cultural change. Here, we test whether cultural traits such as patri/matrilocality and postmarital migration persist in the face of social upheaval and gene flow during the past 150 years in postcolonial South Africa. The recent history of South Africa has seen major demographic shifts that resulted in the displacement and forced sedentism of indigenous Khoekhoe and San populations. During the expansion of the colonial frontier, the Khoe-San admixed with European colonists and enslaved individuals from West/Central Africa, Indonesia, and South Asia, introducing novel cultural norms. We conducted demographic interviews among Nama and Cederberg communities representing nearly 3,000 individuals across three generations. Despite the history of colonial expansion, and the subsequent incorporation of Khoe-San and Khoe-San-descendant communities into a colonial society with strong patrilocal norms, patrilocality is the least common postmarital residence pattern in our study populations today. Our results suggest that more recent forces of integration into the market economy are likely the primary drivers of change in the cultural traits examined in our study. Birthplace had a strong effect on an individual’s odds of migration, distance moved, and postmarital residence form. These effects are at least partially explained by the population size of the birthplace. Our results suggest that market factors local to birthplaces are important drivers of residence decisions, although the frequency of matrilocal residence and a geographic and temporal cline in migration and residence patterns also indicate the persistence of some historic Khoe-San cultural traits in contemporary groups. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12110-023-09452-4.