Health risks of phthalates: A review of immunotoxicity.
Health risks of phthalates: A review of immunotoxicity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120173
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Ying Zhang;Liang Lyu;Y. Tao;Hanxun Ju;Jie Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ying Zhang;Liang Lyu;Y. Tao;Hanxun Ju;Jie Chen
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）是已知的环境内分泌干扰物，已在多种环境中广泛检测到，许多研究报告了这些化合物的免疫毒性作用。本文综述了相关文献，总结了6种典型PAEs的发生及主要代谢途径（邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（PAEs）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DOP））在水、土壤和大气中的降解和代谢途径，探讨了11种PAEs毒性作用的分子机制（DEHP、DPP、DPrP、DHP、DEP、DBP、MBP、MBzP、BBP、DiNP和DEHP）在基因、蛋白质和细胞水平对不同生物体免疫系统的影响。全面了解PAEs通过调节免疫基因表达和酶，增加ROS，免疫信号传导途径，特异性和非特异性免疫抑制以及干扰补体系统来影响免疫系统功能的机制。通过总结这些化合物对典型模式生物的影响，本文综述了PAEs影响免疫系统的机制，从而补充了人类免疫实验。最后，对PAEs免疫毒性的研究方向进行了展望，为其他环境污染物的分析提供了框架，也为PAEs的管理和安全使用提供了依据。
Phthalates (PAEs) are known environmental endocrine disruptors that have been widely detected in several environments, and many studies have reported the immunotoxic effects of these compounds. Here, we reviewed relevant published studies, summarized the occurrence and major metabolic pathways of six typical PAEs (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, and DOP) in water, soil, and the atmosphere, degradation and metabolic pathways under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and explored the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effects of eleven PAEs (DEHP, DPP, DPrP, DHP, DEP, DBP, MBP, MBzP, BBP, DiNP, and DMP) on the immune system of different organisms at the gene, protein, and cellular levels. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which PAEs affect immune system function through regulation of immune gene expression and enzymes, increased ROS, immune signaling pathways, specific and non-specific immunosuppression, and interference with the complement system. By summarizing the effects of these compounds on typical model organisms, this review provides insights into the mechanisms by which PAEs affect the immune system, thus supplementing human immune experiments. Finally, we discuss the future direction of PAEs immunotoxicity research, thus providing a framework for the analysis of other environmental pollutants, as well as a basis for PAEs management and safe use.