Tracking apex marine predator movements in a dynamic ocean
Tracking apex marine predator movements in a dynamic ocean
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DOI：
10.1038/nature10082
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发表时间：
2011-07-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Costa, D. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Block, B. A.;Jonsen, I. D.;Costa, D. P.
远洋海洋掠食者面临着前所未有的挑战和不确定的未来。过度开发和气候变化影响海洋生态系统中顶级捕食者的丰度和分布（1-4）。更好地了解生态模式、进化制约因素和生态系统功能，对于防止生态系统退化、生物多样性丧失和生态系统服务中断至关重要。电子标记技术的最新进展使人们有能力在一系列生态尺度上观察与海洋进程有关的动物的移动和长距离迁徙（5、6）。“太平洋捕食者标记”是海洋生物普查的一个实地方案，在北太平洋23个物种上放置了4 306个标记，产生了一个规模和物种多样性前所未有的跟踪数据集，涵盖2000年至2009年的265 386个跟踪日。在这里，我们报告的迁移途径，海洋功能多物种的热点和说明生态位分区内和同类行会之间。我们的研究结果表明，加州目前的大型海洋生态系统和北太平洋过渡带吸引和保留的海洋脊椎动物的多样性组合。在加州目前的大型海洋生态系统中，几个捕食者公会季节性地进行南北迁移，这可能是由海洋过程，物种特有的耐热性和猎物分布的变化。我们确定了跨国界的关键栖息地，并表明顶级捕食者以可预测的方式利用其环境，为大型海洋生态系统的空间管理提供了基础。
Pelagic marine predators face unprecedented challenges and uncertain futures. Overexploitation and climate variability impact the abundance and distribution of top predators in ocean ecosystems(1-4). Improved understanding of ecological patterns, evolutionary constraints and ecosystem function is critical for preventing extinctions, loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystem services. Recent advances in electronic tagging techniques have provided the capacity to observe the movements and long-distance migrations of animals in relation to ocean processes across a range of ecological scales(5,6). Tagging of Pacific Predators, a field programme of the Census of Marine Life, deployed 4,306 tags on 23 species in the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in a tracking data set of unprecedented scale and species diversity that covers 265,386 tracking days from 2000 to 2009. Here we report migration pathways, link ocean features to multispecies hotspots and illustrate niche partitioning within and among congener guilds. Our results indicate that the California Current large marine ecosystem and the North Pacific transition zone attract and retain a diverse assemblage of marine vertebrates. Within the California Current large marine ecosystem, several predator guilds seasonally undertake north-south migrations that may be driven by oceanic processes, species-specific thermal tolerances and shifts in prey distributions. We identify critical habitats across multinational boundaries and show that top predators exploit their environment in predictable ways, providing the foundation for spatial management of large marine ecosystems.