Microglia dynamics in sleep/wake states and in response to sleep loss
Microglia dynamics in sleep/wake states and in response to sleep loss
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104944
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发表时间：
2021-01-09
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Semba, Kazue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deurveilher, Samuel;Golovin, Tatjana;Semba, Kazue
睡眠对于优化大脑功能至关重要，但睡眠调节的细胞基础尚不完全清楚。小胶质细胞是大脑的免疫细胞，在过去二十年中因其在各种大脑功能中的重要作用而受到越来越多的关注，这些功能超出了其众所周知的免疫功能，包括大脑发育、神经元保护和突触可塑性。在这里，我们回顾了理解方面的最新进展：i）小胶质细胞的形态和表型动力学，包括过程运动/生长和基因/蛋白质表达，ii）小胶质细胞-神经元相互作用，包括吞噬作用和改变神经元回路活动的突触接触，两者都是在成人大脑的生理状态下进行的。我们讨论小胶质细胞-神经元的相互作用，特别是在突触处的相互作用如何影响昼夜节律周期和睡眠/觉醒状态下的小胶质细胞和神经元活动。我们还回顾了有关小胶质细胞如何应对睡眠不足的最新研究结果。最后，我们指出了关键问题并为未来的研究提出了建议，以更好地了解小胶质细胞在睡眠调节、睡眠稳态和睡眠功能中的作用。
Sleep has an essential role for optimal brain function, but the cellular substrates for sleep regulation are not fully understood. Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, have gained increasingly more attention over the last two decades for their important roles in various brain functions that extend beyond their well-known immune function, including brain development, neuronal protection, and synaptic plasticity. Here we review recent advances in understanding: i) morphological and phenotypic dynamics of microglia including process motility/growth and gene/protein expression, and ii) microglia-neuron interactions including phagocytosis and contact at synapses which alters neuronal circuit activity, both under physiological state in the adult brain. We discuss how the microglia-neuron interactions particularly at synapses could influence microglia and neuronal activities across circadian cycles and sleep/wake states. We also review recent findings on how microglia respond to sleep loss. We conclude by pointing out key questions and proposing suggestions for future research to better understand the role of microglia in sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, and the function of sleep.