Укрупнение муниципальных образований в новейшее время
Укрупнение муниципальных образований в новейшее время
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Укрупнение муниципальных образований в новейшее время
DOI：
10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(3).117-124
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Благов Юрий Владиславович
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Благов Юрий Владиславович
主题。本文致力于分析俄罗斯联邦市政扩大的原因、过程和后果。这份文件的目的是表明，随着城市数量的初步增加，其中许多城市被证明无法有效地解决当地问题并向人民提供优质服务。在这方面，开始了相反的进程--合并市政当局。因此，市政当局的数目，特别是农村一级的数目大幅减少。市政结构的扩大是武断的，没有考虑统一的城市住区的基础设施和历史上的统一性。方法论。笔者运用了辩证法、分析综合法、形式法、比较法等方法。结果、适用范围。2017年3月4日通过了第62-FZ号联邦法律，该法律规定，按照“简化程序”，即在征得市代表机构表示同意的情况下，将市辖区和城乡居民聚居区改造成城区。与此同时，俄罗斯联邦国家杜马法律部门正在审议一项由A.P.马尔科夫议员提出的法案，提出引入一种新型的市政组织--农村地区。在农村地区，建议统一农村城市地区的住区。该法案的实施将导致农村居民点的大规模消除。事实上，没有准确和详尽的立法规定来规范城区的领土边界、城市的改造和废除的形式；此外，地方政治和经济精英一直在寻求保留几十年来发展起来的单级管理制度。由于这些缺陷，在一些射频组成实体的行政区域内，有一些城区由大片未城市化的领土组成，交通、社会和经济基础设施欠发达，没有任何共同的发展目标。作者的结论是，在许多RF组成实体中，偏向市政合并是合理的，其原因是忽视了以前地区的垂直指挥关系。同时，他们指出，在将市辖区转变为市区时，需要考虑城市规划、经济和地理、社会人口因素，否则，所有这些转变都是虚构的，变成了地方精英对权力的修改。结论。市政实体合并的市政法律政策旨在清理地方自治政府的定居级别，这与《俄罗斯联邦宪法》第131条第1款直接相抵触，该条款规定由居民首先在初级定居点一级实行地方自治。
The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes, the process, the consequences of the enlargement of municipalities in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this paper is to show that with the initial increase in the number of municipalities, many of them turned out to be incapable of effectively addressing local issues and providing quality services to the population. In this regard, the reverse process began – the consolidation of municipalities. As a result, the number of municipalities, especially the rural level, has dramatically decreased. The enlargement of municipal formations went arbitrarily, without taking into account the infrastructural and historical unity of the unified urban settlements. The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method. Results, scope of application. 03.04.2017 Federal Law No. 62-FZ is adopted, which provides for the transformation of municipal raions and constituent urban and rural settlements into urban districts according to a "simplified procedure", that is, with the consent of the population expressed by the representative body of the municipality. In parallel, under consideration in the legal department of the State Duma of the Russian Federation there is a bill introduced by deputy A.P. Markov, offering to introduce a new type of municipal formation – the rural district. In rural districts it is proposed to unite settlements in rural municipal areas. The implementation of this bill will lead to the mass elimination of rural settlements. Actually there are no accurate and exhaustive legislative provisions regulating the territorial boundaries of urban districts, forms of the transformation and abolition of municipalities; moreover, local political and economic elites persistently seek to preserve the single tier management system developed over the decades. As a result of these blemishes, within administrative areas of some RF constituent entities, there are urban districts that consist of the large not urbanized territories with a poorly developed transport, social, economic infrastructure and without any common development goals. The authors conclude that the bias towards municipalities' consolidation in many RF constituent entities is justified and caused by ignoring of the vertical command relations in former areas. At the same time, they point out the need to take into account the town-planning, economic and geographical, socio-demographic factors while transforming municipal areas into urban districts, otherwise, all these transformations are fictitious and turn into revising of powers by local elites. Conclusions. The municipal legal policy of consolidation of municipal entities is aimed at liquidating the settlement level of local self-government, which directly contradicts Part 1 of Art. 131 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which establishes the implementation of local self-government by the population, first of all, at the primary, settlement level.