A harbor seal can transfer the same/different concept to new stimulus dimensions
A harbor seal can transfer the same/different concept to new stimulus dimensions
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-013-0624-0
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Dehnhardt, Guido
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scholtyssek, Christine;Kelber, Almut;Dehnhardt, Guido
通过两项同/异任务考察了斑海豹同/异抽象概念的形成。刺激显示在TFT监视器上。受试者接受训练，根据黑色背景上呈现的两个水平对齐的白色形状是否相同或彼此不同，通过给出不通过或通过响应来做出响应。培训分为四个阶段。首先，相同/不同的任务用形成两个相同问题（A-A和B-B）和两个不同问题（A-B和B-A）的两个形状进行训练。在达到学习标准后，训练继续进行新的形状对。在第二个实验阶段，每个问题在引入新问题之前只提出五次。我们发现，训练标准只有两个形状导致项目特定的学习，而减少演示的数量到五个问题导致形成相同/不同的学习集以及一些限制的关系学习。在本研究的第三阶段中，试验独特问题的训练导致了相同/不同的抽象概念的形成，这一概念在120个新问题的迁移测试中表现得非常显著。最后，对概念的超维迁移进行了测试。斑海豹在30个不熟悉的图案和60个不熟悉的亮度相同/不同问题的转移测试中表现出显著正确的性能，从而表明该概念不限于最初学习的形状维度，但可以在刺激维度上推广。
We investigated the formation of an abstract concept of same/different in a harbor seal by means of a two-item same/different task. Stimuli were presented on a TFT monitor. The subject was trained to respond according to whether two horizontally aligned white shapes presented on a black background were the same, or different from each other, by giving a no-go or go response. Training comprised of four stages. First, the same/different task was trained with two shapes forming two same problems (A-A and B-B) and two different problems (A-B and B-A). After the learning criterion was reached, training proceeded with new pairs of shapes. In the second experimental stage, every problem was presented just five times before new problems were introduced. We showed that training to criterion with just two shapes resulted in item-specific learning, whereas reducing the number of presentations to five per problem led to the formation of a same/different learning set as well as some restricted relational learning. Training with trial-unique problems in the third stage of this study resulted in the formation of an abstract concept of same/different which was indicated by a highly significant performance in transfer tests with 120 novel problems. Finally, extra-dimensional transfer of the concept was tested. The harbor seal showed a significantly correct performance on transfer tests with 30 unfamiliar pattern and 60 unfamiliar brightness same/different problems, thus demonstrating that the concept is not restricted to the shape dimension originally learned, but can be generalized across stimulus dimensions.