Gene duplication drove the loss of awn in sorghum.
Gene duplication drove the loss of awn in sorghum.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.005
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
27.5
通讯作者：
Leina Zhou;Can Zhu;Xiaojian Fang;Hangqin Liu;Shuyang Zhong;Yan Li;Jiacheng Liu;Yang Song;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leina Zhou;Can Zhu;Xiaojian Fang;Hangqin Liu;Shuyang Zhong;Yan Li;Jiacheng Liu;Yang Song;
包括高粱在内的一些谷物中芒的丧失是谷物驯化或改良过程中的一个关键转变，这有助于谷物的收获和储存。高粱在驯化或改良过程中芒损失的遗传基础仍不清楚。在这里，我们确定了awn 1基因编码的转录因子与ALOG结构域，是负责芒损失高粱驯化或改进。awn 1产生于染色体10上的基因重复易位到染色体3，从邻近的基因间区域招募一个新的启动子，并重新构建第一个外显子和内含子。awn 1在复制后获得高表达，并抑制驯化高粱中芒的伸长。比较作图显示10号染色体上的awn 1同源基因在禾谷类作物中具有高度的共线性，并且通过灭活riceawn 1同源基因成功地重新激活了水稻小穗上芒的生长和发育。RNA-seq和DAP-seq分析表明，AWN 1作为转录抑制因子，与花发育相关的MADS基因和芒发育相关的D1和LKS 2基因的调控区中的一个基序直接结合。AWN 1下调这些基因的表达，从而抑制芒的伸长。在驯化之前，在邻近的基因间区域ofawn 1的调节元件的预先存在暗示，非编码DNA可能作为高粱适应不断变化的世界的进化过程中的宝库。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，基因复制可以快速驱动植物基因调控网络的进化。
Loss of the awn in some cereals, including sorghum, is a key transition during cereal domestication or improvement that has facilitated grain harvest and storage. The genetic basis of awn loss in sorghum during domestication or improvement remains unknown. Here, we identified theawn1gene encoding a transcription factor with the ALOG domain that is responsible for awn loss during sorghum domestication or improvement.awn1arose from a gene duplication on chromosome 10 that translocated to chromosome 3, recruiting a new promoter from the neighboring intergenic region filled with "noncoding DNA" and recreating the first exon and intron.awn1acquired high expression after duplication and represses the elongation of awns in domesticated sorghum. Comparative mapping revealed high collinearity at theawn1paralog locus on chromosome 10 across cereals, and awn growth and development were successfully reactivated on the rice spikelet by inactivating the riceawn1ortholog. RNA-seq and DAP-seq revealed that as a transcriptional repressor, AWN1 bound directly to a motif in the regulatory regions of threeMADSgenes related to flower development and two genes,DLandLKS2,involved in awn development. AWN1 downregulates the expression of these genes, thereby repressing awn elongation. The preexistence of regulatory elements in the neighboring intergenic region ofawn1before domestication implicates that noncoding DNA may serve as a treasure trove for evolution during sorghum adaptation to a changing world. Taken together, our results suggest that gene duplication can rapidly drive the evolution of gene regulatory networks in plants.