Separate product from process: framing the debate that surrounds the potential uptake of new breeding technologies
Separate product from process: framing the debate that surrounds the potential uptake of new breeding technologies
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DOI：
10.1111/ppl.12680
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Jose, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parry, Geraint;Jose, Sarah
2017年7月，实验生物学学会在哥德堡大学举办了一场关于植物科学新育种技术（nbt）的研讨会。本报告总结了本次会议的主要成果。代表们讨论了nbt的技术和政策方面，重点是CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑。虽然nbt有可能彻底改变未来一代的新作物品种，但会议的一个主要成果是承认我们正处于政策决定的关键时刻，这些决策将管理使用这些技术产生的植物的未来使用。这份会议报告提供了关于科学家如何将他们的意见纳入即将到来的辩论的见解，以及关于nbt在技术上可能实现的讨论。使用CRISPR-Cas9系统进行精确基因组编辑（GE）经常被描述为一种“改变游戏规则的技术”，它允许更精确地靶向DNA以诱导特定的核苷酸变异（Belhaj et al. 2015）；然而，在生产食品或饲料的植物中使用转基因技术仍然面临着不确定的监管未来。这是由于公众长期以来对转基因生物（GMOs）的不信任，这种观点是由有争议但不可信的科学研究和公众误解等因素造成的。公众对这项技术的不安引导了政府在允许使用转基因生物产品方面的政策，因此这些作物的种植现在在欧盟大部分地区都受到限制。植物科学界正站在一个重要的十字路口，在这个十字路口上，将决定转基因技术产生的植物的未来用途。
In July 2017 the Society for Experimental Biology hosted a symposium on New Breeding Technologies (NBTs) in Plant Sciences at the University of Gothenburg. This report summarises the major outcomes of this meeting. Delegates discussed both the technical and policy aspects of NBTs, with a focus on CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. While NBTs have the potential to revolutionise the future generation of new crop varieties, a major outcome of the meeting was the acceptance that we are at a critical juncture regarding the policy decisions that will govern the future use of plants generated using these technologies. This meeting report offers insights into how scientists can frame their input into the upcoming debate, as well as a discussion about what is technically possible with NBTs.The use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for precision genome editing (GE) has been regularly described as a “game-changing technology” that allows a more precise targeting of DNA to induce specific nucleotide variations (Belhaj et al. 2015); however, the use of GE in plants for the production of food or feed still faces an uncertain regulatory future. This follows on from a long-standing public distrust of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), an opinion predicated from, amongst other things, controversial yet discredited scientific studies and public miscommunications. Public unease with this technology has guided government policy on the permitted uses of the products of GMOs, such that growth of these crops is now restricted throughout most of the EU. The plant science community stands at an important crossroads at which the future uses of plants generated by GE technologies will be decided.