Partial reinforcement, extinction, and placebo analgesia.
Partial reinforcement, extinction, and placebo analgesia.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.022
复制
发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Colloca L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Au Yeung ST;Colagiuri B;Lovibond PF;Colloca L
许多研究表明，安慰剂镇痛可以通过条件反射程序建立。然而，这些研究只涉及条件反射下的连续强化。因此，目前尚不清楚是否可以在部分强化下建立安慰剂镇痛，以及任何此类效应的持久性。我们使用健康志愿者的电皮肤疼痛测试了这种可能性。60名大学生在镇痛试验的幌子下接受安慰剂治疗（激活假电极）。参与者被随机分配到不同的调节时间表，即连续强化（CRF），部分强化（PRF），或控制（无调节）。通过在训练过程中，与不使用安慰剂相比，使用安慰剂时疼痛强度的暗中降低来实现条件反射。对于CRF组，安慰剂总是伴随着训练期间疼痛的突然减轻。对于PRF组，安慰剂组仅在62.5%的试验中出现疼痛刺激减少。在试验阶段，安慰剂试验和非安慰剂试验的疼痛刺激是等效的。连续和部分强化均产生安慰剂镇痛，连续强化后初始镇痛的幅度较大。然而，虽然在持续强化下建立的安慰剂镇痛在测试阶段消失，但在部分强化下建立的安慰剂镇痛没有消失。这些发现表明，部分强化可以诱导安慰剂镇痛，这些效果比通过连续强化建立的效果更耐消退。因此，部分强化可能反映了一种通过安慰剂效应增强临床结局的新方法。
Numerous studies indicate that placebo analgesia can be established via conditioning procedures. However, these studies have exclusively involved conditioning under continuous reinforcement. Thus, it is currently unknown whether placebo analgesia can be established under partial reinforcement and how durable any such effect would be. We tested this possibility using electro-cutaneous pain in healthy volunteers. Sixty undergraduates received placebo treatment (activation of a sham electrode) under the guise of an analgesic trial. The participants were randomly allocated to different conditioning schedules, namely continuous reinforcement (CRF), partial reinforcement (PRF), or control (no conditioning). Conditioning was achieved by surreptitiously reducing pain intensity during training when the placebo was activated compared with when it was inactive. For the CRF group, the placebo was always followed by a surreptitious reduction in pain during training. For the PRF group, the placebo was followed by a reduction in pain stimulation on 62.5% of trials only. In the test phase, pain stimulation was equivalent across placebo and no placebo trials. Both continuous and partial reinforcement produced placebo analgesia, with the magnitude of initial analgesia being larger following continuous reinforcement. However, while the placebo analgesia established under continuous reinforcement extinguished during test phase, the placebo analgesia established under partial reinforcement did not. These findings indicate that partial reinforcement can induce placebo analgesia and that these effects are more resistant to extinction than those established via continuous reinforcement. Partial reinforcement may, therefore, reflect a novel way of enhancing clinical outcomes via the placebo effect.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Colloca, Luana;Benedetti, Fabrizio
通讯作者：
Benedetti, Fabrizio
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
HERRNSTEIN, RJ
通讯作者：
HERRNSTEIN, RJ
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Eippert, Falk;Bingel, Ulrike;Buechel, Christian
通讯作者：
Buechel, Christian
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Ader R;Mercurio MG;Walton J;James D;Davis M;Ojha V;Kimball AB;Fiorentino D
通讯作者：
Fiorentino D
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Benedetti, F
通讯作者：
Benedetti, F