Nucleus accumbens responses differentiate execution and restraint in reward-directed behavior.
Nucleus accumbens responses differentiate execution and restraint in reward-directed behavior.
复制标题
伏隔核反应区分奖励导向行为中的执行和限制。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00350.2013
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Loriaux,AmyL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roitman,JamieD;Loriaux,AmyL
我们的行为强烈地受到环境线索的驱动，这些线索标志着奖励刺激的可获得性。我们经常遇到刺激--一碗糖果或智能手机发出的警报--它们会触发行动以获得这些奖励，即使不采取行动可能会产生积极的结果。在与奖励相关的线索面前无法约束自己的行为是冲动行为的一种类型，也是暴饮暴食、赌博和滥用药物等适应不良行为的一个组成部分。伏隔核(NAC)是整合多个认知和情感输入的理想场所，通过通过基底节的输出来偏向动作。NAC神经元已被证明对预测奖赏可获得性的线索、旨在获得奖赏的目标导向行为以及奖赏本身的交付做出反应。由于这些过程通常是相关的，很难辨别NAC中的信号是与目标导向行为的奖赏预测方面的加工更密切相关，还是与行为反应的选择更密切相关。为了分离这些可能性，我们记录了大鼠在执行一项任务时NAC神经元的活动，在这项任务中，两种不同的提示都告诉大鼠可获得奖励，但要求它们要么按下杠杆(Go)，要么按住不按(NoGo)以获得奖励。个别线索反应神经元在线索开始时活动增加或减少。无论是在NoGo试验中正确还是在Go试验中出错，当大鼠保持杠杆按压时，活动增加的幅度更大，减少的幅度更小。因此，无论线索类型或准确度如何，NAC线索反应都与动作相关。
Our behavior is powerfully driven by environmental cues that signal the availability of rewarding stimuli. We frequently encounter stimuli—a bowl of candy or an alert from our smartphone—that trigger actions to obtain those rewards, even though there may be positive outcomes associated with not acting. The inability to restrain one's action in the presence of reward-associated cues is one type of impulsive behavior and a component of such maladaptive behaviors as overeating, gambling, and substance abuse. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is ideally situated to integrate multiple cognitive and affective inputs to bias action via outputs through the basal ganglia. NAc neurons have been shown to respond to cues that predict reward availability, goal-directed behaviors aimed at obtaining them, and delivery of the reward itself. As these processes are typically associated, it is difficult to discern whether signals in the NAc are more closely related to processing reward-predictive aspects of goal-directed behavior or selection of behavioral response. To dissociate these possibilities, we recorded the activity of NAc neurons while rats performed a task in which two different cues both informed rats of reward availability but required them to either press a lever (Go) or withhold pressing (NoGo) to obtain the reward. Individual cue-responsive neurons showed either increases or decreases in activity at cue onset. Increases in activity were larger, and decreases smaller, when rats withheld lever pressing, whether correctly for NoGo trials or in error on Go trials. Thus NAc cue responses correlated with action, regardless of cue type or accuracy.