The Bright and Dark Sides of Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme: The Case of Latvia
The Bright and Dark Sides of Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme: The Case of Latvia
复制标题
能源效率义务计划的光明面和黑暗面：拉脱维亚的案例
作者：
A. Blumberga;Reinis Āzis;Dāvis Reinbergs;Ieva Pakere;D. Blumberga
研究人员几十年来收集的证据表明，能源效率义务计划（EEOS）的成功实施可能会在多年内实现显着的，具有成本效益的能源节约。然而，在拉脱维亚启动平等就业机会制度之前，能源效率政策研究人员的预测认为，该制度面临储蓄不足的高风险。这项研究的目的是对拉脱维亚的平等就业机会进行事后政策评估，并评估其在新的平等就业机会第一阶段节省大量资金的能力。本文质疑新的平等就业机会是否可以达到储蓄目标，没有自愿协议计划和模仿其他国家成功的平等就业机会的经验。研究的第二个目标是创建一个基于网络的优化工具，作为一个互动的学习环境，以帮助决策者和EEOS义务方创建目标导向的战略。研究发现，与预期相反，拉脱维亚已经达到甚至超额完成了平等就业权的储蓄目标。在启动阶段获得的估计累计节省（329.2 GWh）比政策制定者计划的2020年累计节省（234 GWh）高出68%。这一成功与在政策中执行“大棒式”做法有关。然而，该研究也通过讨论平等就业机会制度采用的不同类型的能源效率措施以及执行和监测机构的作用，揭示了平等就业机会制度执行的阴暗面。事前评估预测，平等就业机会计划节省的50%将来自信息和教育措施，50%来自向能源效率基金捐款或通过实施最具成本效益的能源效率措施。事后评估表明，约95%的节约是通过信息措施实现的，其余的是通过在消费者方面采取能源效率措施实现的。平等就业权计划缔约方不向基金捐款，因为信息措施的费用（平均4欧元/兆瓦时）大大低于向基金捐款（70欧元/兆瓦时）。
Evidence collected by researchers over several decades suggests that the successful implementation of the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme (EEOS) may deliver significant, cost-effective energy savings over many years. However, before starting EEOS in Latvia, predictions by energy efficiency policy researchers envisaged that it is at high risk of savings shortfalls. This study aims to carry out an ex-post policy evaluation of EEOS in Latvia and assess its ability to deliver significant savings in the first phase of the new EEOS. This paper questions whether the new EEOS can reach savings goals without prior experience with voluntary agreement schemes and emulation of successful EEOS from other countries. The second goal of the research is to create a web-based optimization tool as an Interactive Learning Environment to help policymakers and EEOS-obliged parties to create goal-oriented strategies. The study has found that, contrary to expectations, Latvia has reached and even overfulfilled EEOS saving goals. Estimated cumulative savings obtained during the starting phase (329.2 GWh) are 68% higher than the cumulative savings planned by the policymakers for 2020 (234 GWh). This success is related to the enforcement of a stick-type approach in the policy. However, the study also revealed the dark side of EEOS implementation by discussing different types of energy efficiency measures applied by EEOS and the role of implementing and monitoring institutions. The ex-ante evaluation projected that 50% of the EEOS savings would be derived from information and education measures and 50% through contributions to the Energy Efficiency Fund or by implementing the most cost-effective energy efficiency measures. The ex-post evaluation shows that around 95% of savings are achieved through information measures and the rest by introducing energy efficiency measures on the consumer side. EEOS parties do not contribute to the Fund because the cost of information measures (on average 4 EUR/MWh) is significantly lower than the contribution to the Fund (70 EUR/MWh).