GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT - COMPETENCE OR PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT - COMPETENCE OR PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS
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DOI：
10.1017/s0142716400006895
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发表时间：
1994-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
BISHOP, DVM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BISHOP, DVM
对 12 名患有特定语言障碍 (SLI) 的 8 至 12 岁儿童的言语样本进行了分析。特征缺陷假说认为，SLI 儿童可能会正确地产生形态标记（例如复数 -s），但他们不认识自己在标记语法特征中的作用。相反，他们将它们视为无意义的语音变体。本研究的结果与这一假设不相容：（a）形态标记的产生不是随机的；错误是单向的，几乎所有情况都涉及在强制性上下文中遗漏变形； (b) 有时会观察到过度正则化错误； (c) 语法特征的难度不同； (d) 不规则动词和规则动词都会出现词干替换屈折形式的情况； (e) 代词格标记错误很常见，并且总是涉及在需要主格的上下文中产生宾格形式。在某些话语中正确使用特定屈折形式的孩子在其他话语中省略了它，这表明表现的限制而不是能力的限制。尽管在话语中稍后出现的单词上存在语法错误的趋势，但包含和不包含正确变形形式的话语之间几乎没有明显差异。有人认为，并行处理多个操作的有限容量系统中的处理速度减慢可能会导致语法语素的遗漏。
Speech samples from twelve 8- to 12-year-old children with specific language impairment (SLI) were analyzed. The feature deficit hypothesis maintains that SLI children may produce morphological markers (e.g., plural -s) correctly, but they do not appreciate their role in marking grammatical features. Rather, they treat them as meaningless phonological variants. Findings from the present study were incompatible with this hypothesis: (a) production of morphological markers was not random; errors were unidirectional, in almost all cases involving omission of an inflection in an obligatory context; (b) overregularization errors were sometimes observed; (c) grammatical features differed in difficulty; (d) substitution of stems for inflected forms occurred with irregular as well as regular verbs; and (e) errors of pronoun case marking were common and always involved producing an accusative form in a context demanding the nominative. Children who used a specific inflectional form correctly in some utterances omitted it in others, suggesting a limitation of performance rather than competence. There were few obvious differences between utterances that did and did not include correctly inflected forms, though there was a trend for grammatical errors to occur on words that occurred later in an utterance. It is suggested that slowed processing in a limited capacity system that is handling several operations in parallel may lead to the omission of grammatical morphemes.