Polish Migration: Moving Beyond the Iron Curtain
Polish Migration: Moving Beyond the Iron Curtain
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波兰移民：超越铁幕
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Śliwa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Becky Taylor;M. Śliwa
虽然有大量研究涉及当代和 1950 年之前的波兰人移民，但令人惊讶的是，有关社会主义时代波兰人移民的工作却很少。社会主义时期的波兰移民被描述为完全与“西方”隔绝且无法流动，因此常常被简单地简化为政治移民，而相比之下，1989年后的移民主要是从经济角度来理解的。在这里，我们的目标是通过探索 1940 年代至 2005 年波兰的移民经历来弥合这一差距，并将历史移民研究与当代发现相结合。通过使用口述历史的试点样本作为将社会主义与后社会主义经验相结合的手段，我们还考虑了移民在人们生活经历中的地位。社会主义制度下的移民远非不存在，它在很多方面都根深蒂固地存在于体制内：强制移民、免费教育、大力推动的工业化、国家工作和假期使人们在城乡之间、跨越地区和国家边界流动。我们展示了虽然社会主义下的旅行和贸易限制无疑限制了人口流动，但波兰远未与世界其他国家分离，并展示了这一时期的经历如何常常为 1989 年后的移民铺平道路。
While there are substantial bodies of research dealing with both the contemporary and pre-1950 migration of Poles, there is surprisingly little work on migration of Poles during the socialist era. Depicted as completely shut off from the ‘West’ and immobile, Polish migration during socialism is often reduced simply to political emigration, while in contrast post-1989 moves are understood primarily in economic terms. Here we aim to bridge this gap and integrate historical migration research with contemporary findings through exploring experiences of migration in Poland from the 1940s to 2005. Using a pilot sample of oral histories as a means of integrating socialist with post-socialist experience, we also consider the place of migration in people’s life experiences. Far from migration being absent under socialism, in many ways it was engrained within the system: forced resettlement, free education, strongly promoted industrialization, state work and holidays moved people between rural and urban areas and across regional and national boundaries. We show how while travel and trade restrictions under socialism undoubtedly limited movement, Poland was far from being separate from the rest of the world, and show how experiences during this period could often pave the way for migration after 1989.