Undermatching and overmatching as deviations from the matching law.
Undermatching and overmatching as deviations from the matching law.
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欠匹配和过度匹配是指偏离匹配法则。
DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1983.40-333
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
J. Wearden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Wearden
提出了一个在并发可变间隔强化计划下的表现模型，该模型以操作反应的假设“爆发”结构为起点。匹配不足和匹配过高源自两种独立且相反的倾向。第一种倾向是将一定比例的响应突发随机分配给响应替代方案，而不考虑其提供的强化率，其他响应则根据简单匹配法则进行分配。这会产生欠匹配。第二个是相对于那些启动概率较低的响应突发来说，具有延长启动概率的响应突发的趋势。这个过程会产生过度匹配。体现这两种趋势的模型预测：（1）匹配不足将比过度匹配更常见，（2）过度匹配在发生时，其程度往往是有限的。这两个预测都与现有数据一致。因此，该模型根据添加到遵守简单匹配关系的行为分配的附加过程来解释匹配法则的欠匹配和过匹配偏差。因此，这样的模型使得被假设为匹配基础的过程（例如某种类型的强化率或概率优化）能够保留为解释机制，即使简单的匹配法则通常不会被遵守。
A model of performance under concurrent variable-interval reinforcement schedules that takes as its starting point the hypothetical "burst" structure of operant responding is presented. Undermatching and overmatching are derived from two separate, and opposing, tendencies. The first is a tendency to allocate a certain proportion of response bursts randomly to a response alternative without regard for the rate of reinforcement it provides, others being allocated according to the simple matching law. This produces undermatching. The second is a tendency to prolong response bursts that have a high probability of initiation relative to those for which initiation probability is lower. This process produces overmatching. A model embodying both tendencies predicts (1) that undermatching will be more common than overmatching, (2) that overmatching, when it occurs, will tend to be of limited extent. Both predictions are consistent with available data. The model thus accounts for undermatching and overmatching deviations from the matching law in terms of additional processes added on to behavior allocation obeying the simple matching relation. Such a model thus enables processes that have been hypothesized to underlie matching, such as some type of reinforcement rate or probability optimization, to remain as explanatory mechanisms even though the simple matching law may not generally be obeyed.