Evolutionary dynamics of neoantigens in growing tumours

Evolutionary dynamics of neoantigens in growing tumours
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生长肿瘤中新抗原的进化动力学

DOI:
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
bioRxiv
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
T. Graham
T. Graham
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
E. Lakatos;Marc J. Williams;R. Schenck;W. Cross;J. Househam;B. Werner;Chandler D. Gatenbee;M. Robertson;Chris P. Barnes;Alexander R. A. Anderson;A. Sottoriva;T. Graham

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癌症的进化是由体细胞突变的获得推动的,体细胞突变为细胞在不断变化的微环境中提供了有益的表型。然而,产生新抗原的突变很可能是不利的。新抗原是一种新的癌症特异性多肽,可以引发免疫反应。在这里,我们展示了生长肿瘤的克隆结构和免疫表型是如何通过对新的抗原突变的阴性选择来塑造的。我们构建了一个生长肿瘤中新抗原进化的数学模型,并使用基因组测序数据验证了该模型。该模型预测,在缺乏主动免疫逃逸机制的情况下,肿瘤要么进化出克隆性新抗原(抗原-‘HOT’),要么根本没有克隆扩展的新抗原(抗原-‘COLD’),而抗原-‘温热’肿瘤(具有高频亚克隆新抗原)只有在免疫逃逸进化之后才形成。与直觉相反的是,在肿瘤形成过程中对新抗原的强烈负选择会导致抗原温热或热肿瘤数量的增加,这是免疫逃逸的选择性压力的结果。进一步,我们证明了负选择下的克隆大小分布是有效中性的,而且,更强的负选择反常地导致了更中立型的动态。对结直肠癌外显子组测序数据中的抗原克隆大小和免疫逃逸的分析证实了这些结果。总体而言,我们提供并验证了一个数学框架,以了解人类癌症中新抗原的进化动力学和克隆性,这可能会为患者特异性免疫治疗决策提供信息。
Cancer evolution is driven by the acquisition of somatic mutations that provide cells with a beneficial phenotype in a changing microenvironment. However, mutations that give rise to neoantigens, novel cancer–specific peptides that elicit an immune response, are likely to be disadvantageous. Here we show how the clonal structure and immunogenotype of growing tumours is shaped by negative selection in response to neoantigenic mutations. We construct a mathematical model of neoantigen evolution in a growing tumour, and verify the model using genomic sequencing data. The model predicts that, in the absence of active immune escape mechanisms, tumours either evolve clonal neoantigens (antigen– ‘hot’), or have no clonally– expanded neoantigens at all (antigen– ‘cold’), whereas antigen– ‘warm’ tumours (with high frequency subclonal neoantigens) form only following the evolution of immune evasion. Counterintuitively, strong negative selection for neoantigens during tumour formation leads to an increased number of antigen– warm or – hot tumours, as a consequence of selective pressure for immune escape. Further, we show that the clone size distribution under negative selection is effectively– neutral, and moreover, that stronger negative selection paradoxically leads to more neutral– like dynamics. Analysis of antigen clone sizes and immune escape in colorectal cancer exome sequencing data confirms these results. Overall, we provide and verify a mathematical framework to understand the evolutionary dynamics and clonality of neoantigens in human cancers that may inform patient– specific immunotherapy decision– making.
实现癌症基因组数据的共同愿景。
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影响因子: --
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