William Calder Marshall's Biblical Historicism: The Book of Job (1862-63)
William Calder Marshall's Biblical Historicism: The Book of Job (1862-63)
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威廉·考尔德·马歇尔的圣经历史主义：《约伯记》（1862-63）
DOI：
10.1093/jvcult/vcac047
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Edwards J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards J
威廉·卡尔德·马歇尔的白色大理石壁画《约伯记》完成于1863年，代表了一种世界性的风格折衷主义，正如我们将看到的，准确地协调了关于旧约作为历史文献的时期辩论，受到考古验证的制约(图1)。这位雕塑家的浮雕描绘了右侧的旧约先知，面向对面的人物，他的身体向观众倾斜。约伯留着略微像亚述人的胡子，齐胸，又长又粗，卷曲的胡子。他的胡须，再加上他的希腊罗马形象，表明他是一位古老的古典哲学家，因此使他成为马修·阿诺德文化的理想早期接受者，像他一样，将希伯来主义与希腊主义结合在一起，尽管他预计《文化与无政府》(1867-1869)的出版将在几年后出版。约伯头上戴着一条布带，左耳上戴着一条流苏。这些想必是为了表示皮箱里装着希伯来语羊皮纸卷轴的黑色犹太皮革皮带，犹太男子在成人礼时代穿着这种皮带，强调上帝毫不含糊的力量，这是《约伯记》中的一个关键主题，我们将会看到。一颗茶杯戴在头上，一颗戴在前臂上，以完成申命记中的经文：“你要把它们绑在手上，作为记号，在你的两眼之间作提醒”(6.8)。
William Calder Marshall’s white-marble mural panel, The Book of Job, was completed in 1863 and represents a cosmopolitan stylistic eclecticism, as we shall see, precisely attuned to period debates about the Old Testament as a historical document, subject to archaeological verification (Figure 1). 1The sculptor’s relief depicts the Old Testament prophet on the right, addressing the figures opposite, his body inclined towards viewers. Job has a vaguely Assyrian-looking, chest-length, long, thick, curly beard. His beard, in combination with his Greco-Roman profile, suggests he is an ancient classical philosopher, thus making him an ideal early adopter of Matthew Arnold’s culture, combining, as he does, Hebraism with Hellenism, although anticipating the publication of Culture and Anarchy (1867–1869) by some years. Job wears a band of fabric around his head, with a fringed band over his left ear. These are presumably meant to indicate tefillin, black, kosher-leather straps from leather boxes containing Hebrew parchment scrolls, worn by Jewish men over the age of bar mitzvah, emphasizing God’s unequivocal power, a key theme in The Book of Job, as we shall see. One tefillinis, as here, worn on the head and one on the forearm, in fulfilment of the verse in Deuteronomy:‘You shall bind them as a sign upon your hand, and they shall be a reminder between your eyes’(6. 8).