The Role of Symbionts in the Evolution of Termites and Their Rise to Ecological Dominance in the Tropics
The Role of Symbionts in the Evolution of Termites and Their Rise to Ecological Dominance in the Tropics
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-28068-4_6
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bignell, David E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bignell, David E.
在这篇综述中，现代白蚁的进化从碎屑喂养白蚁和木材喂养蟑螂的共同祖先重建为一个逐步的过程中，需要确保越来越专业的肠道共生体从父母到后代的转移。这种选择导致了现存的真社会性，其特征是世代重叠，proctodaeal喂养，altricial发展，paedomorphosis和与微生物的共同进化。此外，有人认为，白蚁社会的行为和个体发生的特点，过度的微生物来源于和代表一个较早的外部瘤胃的社区的内化。为了证明白蚁在热带和亚热带地区的当代生态重要性，考虑到它们的典型丰度，生物量，营养多样性和对土壤健康和陆地碳循环的影响。白蚁和微生物之间的共生关系的概述，包括制表的主要鞭毛虫和细菌类群形成的肠道社区和讨论他们的假定作用，特别是宿主和微生物群的相对贡献的木质纤维素的消化。真菌生长亚科Macrotermitinae的一个单独的帐户集中在不确定性有关的作用的担子菌共生体和它的进化。最后，对白蚁对植物多糖和木质素的相对加工的可用信息进行了评估，并简要总结了分子测序所带来的新见解。
In this review the evolution of modern termites from the detritus-feeding common ancestor of termites and wood-feeding cockroaches is reconstructed as a stepwise process, driven by the need to secure the transfer of increasingly specialised intestinal symbionts from parent to offspring. This selection resulted in the extant eusociality characterised by generational overlap, proctodaeal feeding, altricial development, paedomorphosis and co-evolution with microorganisms. Further, it is argued that the behavioural and ontogenetic characteristics of termite societies overly the internalisation of a community of microorganisms derived from and representing an earlier external rumen. To demonstrate the contemporary ecological importance of termites in the tropics and subtropics, an account is given of their typical abundance, biomass, trophic diversification and impacts on soil health and the terrestrial carbon cycle. An overview of the symbioses between termites and microbes is presented, including tabulations of the major flagellate and bacterial taxa forming the intestinal communities and a discussion of their presumptive roles, especially the relative contributions of host and microbiota to the digestion of lignocellulose. A separate account of the fungus-growing subfamily Macrotermitinae focuses on uncertainties concerning the role of the basidiomycete symbiont and its evolution. Finally, the available information on the relative processing of plant polysaccharides and lignin by termites is evaluated, with a brief summary of new insights made possible by molecular sequencing.