Age Distribution of Enamel Hypoplasia in Prehistoric California Indians
Age Distribution of Enamel Hypoplasia in Prehistoric California Indians
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史前加州印第安人牙釉质发育不全的年龄分布
DOI：
10.1177/00220345750540044401
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发表时间：
1975
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
H. Mchenry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. D. Schulz;H. Mchenry
在现代美国人中，恒牙发育中的牙釉质发育不全最常见于生命的前十二个月（SARNAT 和 SCHOUR，JADA 28：1989-2000，1941）。这对应于成长中的孩子身体最脆弱的时期。本报告描述了史前加州印第安人发育不全的年代。总共 316 颗来自亚成年和年轻成年头骨的左下永久犬齿被检查了发育不全的凹坑和凹槽。所有材料均出自加利福尼亚州中部萨克拉门托-圣华金河谷下游的史前遗址，年代为公元前 2500 年至公元 1800 年（NEWMAN，Univ Calif Archaeol Surv Rep 39：1-70，1957）。使用的标本来自加州大学伯克利分校和戴维斯分校的人类学博物馆。采样的藏品代表了主要依赖野生谷物、橡子、鱼和野味的狩猎采集人群。发育不全缺陷被评分为中度或重度(SARNAT和SCHOUR，JADA 28：1997，1941，图26)。为了增加可比性，甚至比 Sarnat 和 Schour 所描述的那些更浅的缺陷也被单独评分和制表，因为它们很可能被活体人群的唾液忽视或掩盖。使用犬齿是因为它们在死后比门齿更不易丢失，而且它们比臼齿磨损更少。每颗永久下颌尖牙都提供了超过六年的成釉细胞活动记录（从出生后不久到第七年）——比任何其他牙齿都多。发生发育不全的年龄由牙齿上缺损的位置决定（MASSLER、SCHOUR 和 PONCHER，Am J Dis Child 62：48，1941）。在总共 1,650 个年龄组观察结果中（每颗牙齿最多 7 个，具体取决于磨损情况），其中 271 个含有严重程度不同的牙釉质发育不全。浅层发育不全缺陷相对常见。中等和
Among modern Americans, enamel hypoplasia of the developing permanent teeth occurs most frequently in the first twelve months of life (SARNAT and SCHOUR, JADA 28: 1989-2000, 1941). This corresponds to the period of greatest physical vulnerability of the growing child. The present report describes the chronology of hypoplasia among prehistoric California Indians. A total of 316 lower left permanent canines from subadult and young adult skulls were examined for hypoplastic pits and grooves. All material was excavated from prehistoric sites in the lower Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley of central California, dating from 2500 BC to 1800 AD (NEWMAN, Univ Calif Archaeol Surv Rep 39: 1-70, 1957). Specimens used were from the Museums of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, and Davis. The collections sampled represented hunter-gatherer populations that relied primarily on wild grains, acorns, fish, and game. Hypoplastic defects were scored as moderate or severe (SARNAT and SCHOUR, JADA 28: 1997, 1941, Fig 26) . To increase comparability, defects even shallower than those illustrated by Sarnat and Schour were scored and tabulated separately since they could conceivably be overlooked or obscured by saliva in living populations. Canines were used because they are less frequently lost postmortem than incisors, and they show less attrition than molars. Each permanent mandibular canine provides a record of more than six years of ameloblastic activity (from shortly after birth into the seventh year)-more than any other tooth. Age at which hypoplasia occurred was determined by the position of the defect on the tooth (MASSLER, SCHOUR, and PONCHER, Am J Dis Child 62: 48, 1941). Of a total of 1,650 age category observations (up to seven per tooth, depending upon attrition), 271 contained hypoplastic enamel of greater or lesser severity. Shallow hypoplastic defects were relatively common. Moderate and