Corruption and Wildlife Trafficking: Three Case Studies Involving Asia
Corruption and Wildlife Trafficking: Three Case Studies Involving Asia
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腐败与野生动物贩运：涉及亚洲的三个案例研究
DOI：
10.1007/s11417-017-9255-8
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
R. Gunter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Wyatt;Kelly Johnson;Laura Hunter;Ryan George;R. Gunter
随着野生动物贩运或非法野生动物贸易在全球议程上占据越来越突出的位置，有关野生动物贩运如何发生的讨论正在进行。越来越多的人认识到，腐败是这个有利可图的、无处不在的全球黑市的主要推动者，但关于腐败究竟是什么以及腐败如何使野生动物被贩运的研究有限。此外，研究表明，亚洲，特别是中国和东南亚，是某些野生动物物种供需的焦点。通过一项基于文献的调查，本文揭示了腐败行为在从亚洲、通过亚洲或运往亚洲的象牙、爬行动物皮和活爬行动物贩运中所起的具体作用。作者认为，不仅个人腐败行为导致了野生动物贩运的发生，某些社会的腐败结构（刑事司法系统、经济和政治基础）也导致了贩运的发生，并增加了贩运对减少措施的适应能力。在整理有关促进野生动物贩运的腐败形式的详细数据时，知识上的差距以及进一步研究的重要领域变得明显。
As wildlife trafficking or the illegal wildlife trade has taken a more prominent place on the global agenda, discussions are taking place as to how wildlife trafficking happens. An increased understanding has revealed that corruption is a key facilitator of this profitable and pervasive global black market, but limited research has explored exactly what that corruption looks like and how corruption enables wildlife to be trafficked. Furthermore, research shows that Asia, particularly China and Southeast Asia, are focal points for the supply and demand of certain species of wildlife. Through a literature-based investigation, this paper unpacks the role specific acts of corruption play in the trafficking of ivory, reptile skins and live reptiles from, through or to Asia. It is proposed that not only do individual corrupt acts enable wildlife trafficking to happen, but also that corrupted structures (the criminal justice system, and economic and political foundations) in some societies enable trafficking to happen and also increase the resilience of trafficking to reduction measures. In collating detailed data about the forms of corruption facilitating wildlife trafficking, the gaps in knowledge, and therefore the important areas for further research, become evident.