Detection, Localization and Classification of Multiple Mechanized Ocean Vessels over Continental-Shelf Scale Regions with Passive Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing
Detection, Localization and Classification of Multiple Mechanized Ocean Vessels over Continental-Shelf Scale Regions with Passive Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing
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DOI：
10.3390/rs10111699
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chenyang Zhu;Heriberto A. Garcia;Anna Kaplan;Matthew Schinault;N. Handegard;O. Godø;Wei Huang-;P. Ratilal
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文献类型：
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作者：
Chenyang Zhu;Heriberto A. Garcia;Anna Kaplan;Matthew Schinault;N. Handegard;O. Godø;Wei Huang-;P. Ratilal
通过被动海洋声波波导遥感技术，可以在大于10 000 km 2的瞬时大陆架尺度区域内同时监测多艘机械化远洋船舶，包括水面船舶和水下航行器。2014年春季在挪威海采用了大孔径密集采样相干水听器阵列系统，以提供360度水平方位角的方向感测，并显着提高船舶辐射水下声音的信噪比（SNR），这将船舶检测范围提高了大约两个数量级。在这里，30个机械化的海洋船只跨越范围从附近到超过150公里的相干水听器阵列，检测，定位和分类。这些船只由20艘已确定的商船和10辆身份不明的车辆组成，每天8小时进行为期两天的被动海洋声波波导遥感观测。相干水听器阵列接收到的来自每艘海洋船只的水下声音以窄带信号为主，这些信号要么是恒定频率音调，要么具有随时间轻微波动或振荡的频率。采用移动阵列三角测量（MAT）技术，利用相干波束形成得到的一系列探测的估计方位-时间轨迹来确定每个船只的水平位置。对于该区域的商船，通过全球定位系统（GPS）对历史自动识别系统（AIS）数据库中的船舶位置进行测量，验证从被动声学传感获得的估计水平位置。本文给出了商船和不明船只辐射水声信号的时频特性。时频特征沿着检测信号的方位-时间轨迹被应用于同时跟踪和区分这些血管。
Multiple mechanized ocean vessels, including both surface ships and submerged vehicles, can be simultaneously monitored over instantaneous continental-shelf scale regions >10,000 km 2 via passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing. A large-aperture densely-sampled coherent hydrophone array system is employed in the Norwegian Sea in Spring 2014 to provide directional sensing in 360 degree horizontal azimuth and to significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ship-radiated underwater sound, which improves ship detection ranges by roughly two orders of magnitude over that of a single hydrophone. Here, 30 mechanized ocean vessels spanning ranges from nearby to over 150 km from the coherent hydrophone array, are detected, localized and classified. The vessels are comprised of 20 identified commercial ships and 10 unidentified vehicles present in 8 h/day of Passive Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (POAWRS) observation for two days. The underwater sounds from each of these ocean vessels received by the coherent hydrophone array are dominated by narrowband signals that are either constant frequency tonals or have frequencies that waver or oscillate slightly in time. The estimated bearing-time trajectory of a sequence of detections obtained from coherent beamforming are employed to determine the horizontal location of each vessel using the Moving Array Triangulation (MAT) technique. For commercial ships present in the region, the estimated horizontal positions obtained from passive acoustic sensing are verified by Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of the ship locations found in a historical Automatic Identification System (AIS) database. We provide time-frequency characterizations of the underwater sounds radiated from the commercial ships and the unidentified vessels. The time-frequency features along with the bearing-time trajectory of the detected signals are applied to simultaneously track and distinguish these vessels.