Initiating the formalization of theories of cognitive aging.
Initiating the formalization of theories of cognitive aging.
复制标题
启动认知衰老理论的形式化。
DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.3.1.3
复制
发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Salthouse,TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salthouse,TA
尽管相关的知识基础仍然贫乏，但现在可能是时候尝试开发和研究认知老化的正式模型，这些模型包含明确的机制，以解释在认知功能测量中经常观察到的年龄差异。描述了一个基于联想网络隐喻的初始模型，在该模型中，认知的流动性或过程方面的年龄下降归因于同时活动节点的数量、允许的最大激活或节点之间传播激活的速率的减少。计算机模拟的结果与许多认知老化现象在第一个近似水平上是一致的，该模型被证明提供了一个看似合理的解释，说明了一个以前拒绝解释的区域的年龄差异。尽管这一特定的模型只是目前可能形成的许多模型之一，但有人认为，通过试图以正式和明确的方式详细说明一个人的假设和假设，将在认知衰老现象的理论理解方面取得更快的进展。
Although the relevant knowledge base is still impoverished, the time may be appropriate to attempt to develop and investigate formal models of cognitive aging that incorporate explicit mechanisms to account for age differences frequently observed in measures of cognitive functioning. An initial model based on an associative network metaphor is described, in which age declines in fluid or process aspects of cognition are attributed to a reduction in either the number of simultaneously active nodes, the maximum allowable activation, or the rate of propagating activation between nodes. Results from a computer simulation are consistent at a first level of approximation with many cognitive aging phenomena, and the model is shown to provide a plausible account of age differences in an area that has previously resisted explanation. Although this particular model is only one of many that could be formulated at the present time, it is argued that more rapid progress in theoretical understanding of cognitive aging phenomena will be achieved by attempting to specify one's assumptions and hypotheses in a formal and explicit manner.