Evidence of Soil Health Benefits of Flooded Rice Compared to Fallow Practice
Evidence of Soil Health Benefits of Flooded Rice Compared to Fallow Practice
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与休耕相比，淹稻对土壤健康有益的证据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jay Capasso
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bhadha;R. Khatiwada;S. Galindo;N. Xu;Jay Capasso
佛罗里达南部的水淹稻（Oryza sativa L.）与甘蔗和蔬菜轮作进行商业化种植。从2008年到2018年，大米产量翻了一番。在春夏期间，近200平方公里的甘蔗休耕地可用于水稻生产。2017年，该地区种植了约113平方公里的水稻。种植水稻作为轮作作物的净价值远远超过其货币回报。这项研究评估了水稻种植前后的土壤健康参数，并将其与另外两种常见的夏季耕作方式——休耕和淹水休耕进行了比较。土壤健康参数包括土壤pH值、容重、持水量、阳离子交换量、有机质、活性碳和养分含量。结果表明，由于种植水稻，土壤pH值增加，土壤容重显著降低。与休耕地相比，所有淹水土地利用方式下的持水量均显著增加。甘蔗田与水稻和再生稻共同栽培时，阳离子交换容量显著增加，从58 cmolc kg-1增加到101 cmolc kg-1，几乎翻了一番。当甘蔗田种植再生稻时，观察到有机质增加了3%，但幅度很小。在休耕土壤中产生了近16克每公斤的活性碳，而在淹水做法下则不到一半，从而限制了因氧化而导致的土壤流失量。根据土壤健康指数，水稻种植和淹水休耕比休耕地整体土壤质量改善。
Flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in south Florida is grown commercially in rotation with sugarcane and vegetables. From 2008 to 2018, rice production has doubled. During the spring-summer, nearly 200 km2 of fallow sugarcane land is available for rice production. In 2017, approximately 113 km2 of rice were planted in the region. The net value of growing rice as a rotation crop far exceeds its monetary return. This study evaluated soil health parameters before and after rice cultivation and compared them against two other common summer farming practices - fallow fields and flooded-fallow. The soil health parameters that were tested as part of this study included soil pH, bulk density, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, active carbon and nutrient content. Results indicated an increase in soil pH, and a significant reduction in soil bulk density due to rice cultivation. Water holding capacity increased significantly under all flooded land use practices compared to fallow fields. Cation exchange capacity significantly increased when sugarcane fields were cultivated with rice and ratoon rice, nearly doubled from 58 to 101 cmolc kg-1. Small, yet significant 3% increase in organic matter was observed when sugarcane fields were cultivated with ratoon rice. Almost 16 g kg-1 of active C is being generated within fallow soils, whereas less than half that under flooded practices, limiting the amount of soil loss via oxidation. Based on the soil health index, rice cultivation and flooded-fallow improved overall soil quality compared to fallow lands.