Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals
Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aax9387
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发表时间：
2019-12-06
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Ewers, Robert M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betts, Matthew G.;Wolf, Christopher;Ewers, Robert M.
生境丧失是全球生物多样性下降的主要驱动因素，但破碎化（剩余生境的空间安排）的影响仍存在争议。我们验证了这样一个假设，即森林破碎化敏感性——受栖息地边缘回避的影响——应该由历史暴露程度驱动，因此物种对干扰的进化反应。利用一个包含全球73个数据集（包括4489个动物物种）的数据库，我们发现，在历史扰动率低的地区，碎片化敏感物种的比例几乎是扰动率高的地区（即火灾、冰川、飓风和森林砍伐）的三倍。这些扰动与纬度梯度相吻合，在纬度梯度中，低纬度的灵敏度比高纬度高6倍。我们的结论是，在世界热带森林中，限制破碎化产生的边缘的保护工作将是最重要的。
Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide, but the effects of fragmentation (the spatial arrangement of remaining habitat) are debated. We tested the hypothesis that forest fragmentation sensitivity-affected by avoidance of habitat edges-should be driven by historical exposure to, and therefore species' evolutionary responses to disturbance. Using a database containing 73 datasets collected worldwide (encompassing 4489 animal species), we found that the proportion of fragmentation-sensitive species was nearly three times as high in regions with low rates of historical disturbance compared with regions with high rates of disturbance (i.e., fires, glaciation, hurricanes, and deforestation). These disturbances coincide with a latitudinal gradient in which sensitivity increases sixfold at low versus high latitudes. We conclude that conservation efforts to limit edges created by fragmentation will be most important in the world's tropical forests.