THE ECOLOGICAL GENETICS OF DOMESTICATION AND THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE
THE ECOLOGICAL GENETICS OF DOMESTICATION AND THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/203912
复制
发表时间：
1991-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
RILEY, TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLUMLER, MA;BYRNE, R;RILEY, TJ
我们回顾了野生植物转化为驯化作物的进化过程的模型，重点是驯化是否可以在种植之前。我们还考虑了两个相关的问题：预期的遗传变化的速度和该过程被有意驱动的程度。传统观点认为驯化性状（如果实不开裂和缺乏休眠）只能在农业领域内进化，这种观点被夸大了，尽管很难发展出合理的情景，允许在种植之前进行驯化。我们概述了一种可能性，即收获的小野生谷物站与种子打手导致的频率增加的植物不裂轴。此外，垃圾堆模型（驯化动物的部分进化发生在露营地周围，然后通过种植有意保存原始驯化动物）可能适用于某些物种，如玉米。即使人类并没有有意识地选择种植具有驯化表型的个体，栽培也会产生有利于驯化动物进化的选择压力。然而，选择可能是微弱的，固定的时间是不可预测的。没有理由排除这样一种可能性，即人类通过有意选择驯化的表型来加速进化的步伐。BLUMLER是一个博士。我是加州大学伯克利分校地理系的候选人。94720，USA）。他出生于1949年，在那所大学接受教育，并在以色列做过野生谷物的生态实地考察。他的研究兴趣是地中海地区的比较进化生态学、野生谷物生态学、农业起源和人类对植被的影响。他出版了《豆类驯化和栽培的起源模型》（经济植物学，出版中）。
We review models of the evolutionary process by which wild plants were transformed into domesticated crops, focusing on whether domestication could have preceded cultivation. We also consider two related issues: the expected pace of genetic change and the extent to which the process was intentionally driven. The orthodox view that domesticated traits (such as fruit indehiscence and lack of dormancy) can evolve only within the agricultural field is overstated, although it is difficult to develop plausible scenarios that allow domestication before cultivation. We outline one possibility, whereby harvesting of small wild cereal stands with seed beaters leads to an increase in the frequency of plants with indehiscent rachises. In addition, dump-heap models (in which partial evolution of domesticates occurs around campsites, followed by intentional preservation of the protodomesticates through cultivation) may apply to some species, such as maize. Cultivation sets up selection pressures that favor the evolution of domesticates even if humans do not consciously choose to plant individuals with the domesticated phenotype. Selection can be weak, however, and time to fixation unpredictable. There is no reason to rule out the possibility that people accelerated the pace of evolutionary change by intentionally selecting domesticated phenotypes.MARK A. BLUMLER is a Ph. D. candidate in geography at the University of California, Berkeley (Berkeley, Calif. 94720, USA). Born in I949, he was educated at that university and has done ecological fieldwork on wild cereals in Israel. His research interests are the comparative evolutionary ecology of mediterranean regions, wild cereal ecology, agricultural origins, and human impacts on vegetation. He has published" Modelling the Origins of Legume Domestication and Cultivation"(Economic Botany, in press).